Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
BGH-1255F2 BatteryGuy	12V 5.5AH HIGH RATE SLA BATTERY	998
BGN1100WP-0520EC BatteryGuy	1.2V 1000MAH NICAD BATTERY	1200
HHR-450AB21T Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 4.2AH L-FAT A	15
LP705176JS + PCM + WIRES 70MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 3150MAH 3.7V	760
LIFEO4-14430 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR14430 3.2V 400MAH	3652
NP24-12BFR	12V, 24 AH SLA	0
LC-R0612P Panasonic	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 12AH	1
NH35BP Eveready (Energizer Battery Company)	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.5AH C	0
HR-AU FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.45AH A	3149
ML-2020/V1AN Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 45MAH COIN 20.0MM	2356
RJD2430C1ST1 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V COIN 24.5MM	510
BP10-6-T3 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 10AH	0
HHR-25SCHY03 Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.5AH SC	0
LP341018JSY + PCM + 2 WIRES 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 35MAH 3.7V	214
354 Adafruit	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 4.4AH	321
VL-2320/HFN Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 30MAH COIN 23.0MM	0
B73180A0101M062 TDK EPCOS	BATT RECHARG 1.5V 100UAH	0
1781 Adafruit	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 2.2AH	808
MS621FE Seiko Instruments, Inc.	BATT LITH 3V 5.5MAH COIN 6.8MM	33658
BW 12180 IT Bright Way Group	12 VOLT 18 AH	20

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles