Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
PC9-12SF2 ZEUS Battery Products	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 9AH	0
KR-7000FT Panasonic	BATTERY NICAD 1.2V 7AH F	6
N-3000CR Panasonic	BATTERY NICAD 1.2V 3AH C	6428
PSL-FP-IFP2770180EC Power Sonic	LIPRISMCELL;PSL-FP-2770180,3.2V2	30
HR-3UTHCEX(4B) FDK America	FUJITSU AA SIZE MIN. 2450MAH 4PC	0
BGN2400 BatteryGuy	1.2V 2400MAH NICAD BATTERY 1/2D	300
MPL90-12 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 88AH	0
258 Adafruit	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 1.2AH	1989
ASR00012 TinyCircuits	LITHIUM ION POLYMER BATTERY - 3.	23
NIMH-AAA1000-4B Fuspower	NIMH AAA 1000MAH 1.2V -PACK OF 4	288
0819-0010 EnerSys	BATTERY LEAD ACID 4V 2.5AH	0
RJD2048 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V COIN 20.0MM	408105
N-700AACLT Panasonic	BATTERY NICAD 1.2V 700MAH AA	100
LP333437JU + PCM+ WIRES 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 430MAH 3.7V	709
LP503040JH + PCM + WIRES 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 630MAH 3.7V	2137
LP503562JB + PCM + 2 WIRES 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 1250MAH 3.7V	973
MIKROE-1120 MikroElektronika	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 2AH	462
LP523450JU + PCM + WIRES 70MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 980MAH 3.7V	1243
BGN5500 BatteryGuy	1.2V 5500MAH NICAD BATTERY D	1000
DR202E Fedco Batteries	BATTERY LITHIUM	9

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles