Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
HHR-300CHA03 Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 3.1AH C	1003
HR-SCU FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.7AH SC	705
LI18650PBF 1S2P + PCM + WIRE Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH ION 3.6V 6.5AH	397
NIMH-4/5AA1300-F Fuspower	NIMH 4/5AA 1300 MAH 1.2V FLAT TO	200
BP5-6-T1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 5AH	0
BW 1213 Bright Way Group	12 VOLT 1.3 AH	13
PCIFR26650-3300 ZEUS Battery Products	BATT LIFEPO4 3.2V 3.3AH	473
MS421R IV03E Seiko Instruments, Inc.	REFLOWABLE BATTERY LITH 3V 1.5MA	3376
ML-614S/FN Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 3.4MAH COIN 6.8MM	26131
LP605060JU + PCM + WIRES 70MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 1900MAH 3.7V	662
BGN800-4EWP-41REC BatteryGuy	4.8V 900MAH NICAD BATTERY	1200
LP463042JU + PCM + WIRES 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 600MAH 3.7V	1232
2750 Adafruit	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 350MAH	903
HR-3U-2500T FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.3AH AA	0
HR9-6-T2 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 8AH	0
ML621-TZ1 FDK America	BATT LITH 3V 5.8MAH COIN 6.8MM	31622
LC-R064R5P Panasonic	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 4.5AH	0
1317 Adafruit	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 150MAH	1073
NH50BP-2 Eveready (Energizer Battery Company)	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.5AH D 1=2	104
HR-4/3FAUT(4.5AH) FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 4.1AH 4/3 FA	32

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles