Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
MS621T-FL11E Seiko Instruments, Inc.	BATTERY LITH 3V 3MAH COIN 6.8MM	4435
HR-SCUT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.7AH SC	0
HHR-370AHT Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 3.5AH L-FAT A	0
HHR-380A Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 3.7AH L-A	3148
LC-R061R3P Panasonic	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 1.3AH	0
MS920T Seiko Instruments, Inc.	BATT LITH 3V 6.5MAH COIN 9.5MM	526
NIZN-AA2500-4B Fuspower	NIZN AA 2500MWH 1.6V - PACK OF 4	144
UL18500SL-2P Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR18500 3.2V 1000MAH	3598
LC-R063R4P Panasonic	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 3.4AH	75
BW 12120 NB Bright Way Group	12 VOLT 12 AH	20
N-700AACT Panasonic	BATTERY NICAD 1.2V 700MAH AA	77
PRT-11855 SparkFun	LI-ION BATTERY 1AH	12
BG-1270F1 BatteryGuy	12V 7.0AH HIGH RATE SLA BATTERY	992
LP501233JSY + PCM + 2 WIRES 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 170MAH 3.7V	122
LI18650JL PROTECTED Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH ION 18650 PROTECTED	715
BGN800-4EWP/3GWP-BW BatteryGuy	8.4V 1000MAH NICAD BATTERY	300
HRL5.5-12P-T2 RA B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 5AH	0
MS621R II27E Seiko Instruments, Inc.	REFLOWABLE BATTERY LITH 3V 3MAH	849
HHR-70AAAB7 Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 700MAH AAA	3293
BGN1P201NB BatteryGuy	1.2V 1500MAH NICAD BATTERY	400

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles