Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
BGN1100AEL BatteryGuy	1.2V 1100MAH NICAD BATTERY 4/5A	800
328 Adafruit	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 2.5AH	944
N-1300SCRT Panasonic	BATTERY NICAD 1.2V 1.3AH SC	51
3898 Adafruit	BATT LITH ION POLY 3.7V 400MAH	237
PRT-13855 SparkFun	LITHIUM ION BATTERY - 2AH	279
PRT-13189 SparkFun	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V 2.6AH	444
BP4.5-6-T1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 4.5AH	0
LP501218JH + PCM + WIRE 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 60MAH 3.7V	432
RJD2048ST1 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V COIN 20.0MM	206540
VL-3032/F2N Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 100MAH COIN 30.0MM	7821
BP26-12-B1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 26AH	0
ML-1220/F1BN Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 17MAH COIN 12.5MM	23920
L37A26-1-0-3WA3 Dantona Industries, Inc.	ICR18650 3.7V 2600MAH W/CONN	450
ICR14430-650-F Fuspower	ICR14430 650MAH 3.7V FLAT TOP	188
ULN423AASL Dantona Industries, Inc.	NICAD 2/3AA 4 PACK 1.2V 400MAH	3118
VL-1220/VCN Panasonic	BATTERY LITH 3V 7MAH COIN 12.5MM	13765
ICR18650-2200-F Fuspower	ICR18650 2200MAH 3.7V FLAT TOP	856
TS920E Seiko Instruments, Inc.	BATT LITH 1.5V 5.5MAH COIN 9.5MM	442
VL-3032/GUFN Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 100MAH COIN 30.0MM	1070
BG-645F1 BatteryGuy	6V 4.5AH SLA BATTERY	2990

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles