Logic - Translators, Level Shifters

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
SN74LVC2T45QDCURQ1 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL US8	10621
PCA9306DCTRG4 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL SM8	1719
SN74GTL2014PWR Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 14TSSOP	158
SN74AUP1T34DRYR Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR UNIDIRECTIONAL 6SON	0
SY100EL91ZG Roving Networks / Microchip Technology	IC TRNSLTR UNIDIRECTIONAL 20SOIC	25
PCA9306FMUTCG Sanyo Semiconductor/ON Semiconductor	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 8UDFN	33063000
MAX3001EEUP Analog Devices, Inc.	8-CH LEVEL TRANSLATOR	14948
SN74AXC1T45DRLR Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL SOT563	0
MAX3001EEWP+T Analog Devices, Inc.	35 MBPS, 8-CH LEVEL TRANSLATOR	9400
MAX13042EETD+T Maxim Integrated	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 14TDFM	0
NVT2003DP,118 NXP Semiconductors	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 10TSSOP	3322
74AUP1T98GN,132 Nexperia	IC LP CONFIG GATE V-XLATR 6XSON	0
74AVCH1T45GM,132 Nexperia	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 6XSON	0
MC100EP91MN	ECL TO PECL TRANSLATOR, 3 FUNC	9384
NB100ELT23LDTG Sanyo Semiconductor/ON Semiconductor	IC TRNSLTR UNIDIRECTIONAL 8TSSOP	100
NB100LVEP91DWR2	PECL TO ECL TRANSLATOR	6000
MC10ELT25D	ECL TO TTL TRANSLATOR	0
MC10H352FNR2	TTL/CMOS TO PECL TRANSLATOR	11000
MAX3391EEBC Analog Devices, Inc.	DUAL LOW-VOLT LEVEL TRANSLATOR	4829
NB4L16MMNG Sanyo Semiconductor/ON Semiconductor	IC TRNSLTR UNIDIRECTIONAL 16QFN	57

Logic - Translators, Level Shifters

1. Overview

Logic translators and level shifters are semiconductor devices that enable signal compatibility between circuits operating at different voltage levels. These ICs ensure reliable data transmission by converting logic signals from one voltage domain to another, maintaining signal integrity in mixed-voltage systems. Their importance has grown with the proliferation of low-voltage CMOS technologies and multi-rail power architectures in modern electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Single-direction translators	Unidirectional voltage conversion with isolation	SPI interface between 3.3V FPGA and 1.8V sensors
Bi-directional translators	Automatic direction detection, dual-voltage I/O	I2C bus bridging between 5V microcontroller and 2.5V EEPROM
Multi-channel level shifters	Parallel conversion of multiple signals (4-32 channels)	Memory interface between SoC and DDR4 SDRAM modules
Direction-controlled translators	External control pin for signal direction selection	UART level conversion in industrial communication modules

3. Structure and Composition

Typical devices feature a monolithic CMOS structure with dual power supply inputs (VCCA and VCCB). Physical components include:

Dual-supply MOSFET pairs for voltage translation
Integrated clamp circuits for ESD protection
Direction control logic (for bidirectional types)
Channel-specific enable/disable circuitry

Common package types: TSSOP (14-48 pins), QFN (20-64 pins), WLCSP (1.5 1.5mm ultra-compact).

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Significance
Voltage range (1.2V-5.5V)	Determines compatibility with different logic families
Conversion rate (100Mbps-1.2Gbps)	Limits maximum operating frequency
Channel count (1-32)	Impacts system integration density
Propagation delay (2-20ns)	Affects timing critical applications
Quiescent current (1-100 A)	Power efficiency in battery-powered systems

5. Application Areas

Key industries include:

Telecommunications: 5G baseband processors interfacing with RF front-ends
Industrial automation: PLC modules connecting 24V sensors to 3.3V MCUs
Consumer electronics: Smartphone PMIC to application processor communication
Automotive systems: CAN-FD transceiver voltage adaptation
IoT devices: Sensor hub interfacing between different voltage rail components

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
TI (Texas Instruments)	TXB0108	8-channel, 1.2-3.6V to 1.65-5.5V translation, auto-direction detection
NXP Semiconductors	LTC2850	3.3/5V dual supply, 15kV ESD protection, RS485/UART interface
ON Semiconductor	NXU408	4-channel, 0.9-5.5V range, sub-1ns propagation delay
STMicroelectronics	L6470	Stepper motor driver with integrated level shifting for industrial automation

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Match supply voltage ranges with source/target systems
Ensure conversion rate meets timing requirements
Choose appropriate channel density to minimize PCB area
For bidirectional buses, select devices with automatic direction sensing
Consider thermal performance for high-current applications
Evaluate ESD protection levels for industrial environments

8. Industry Trends

Development directions include:

Voltage scaling down to 0.8V core operation
Integration with signal conditioning functions
Increased adoption of capacitive isolation technology
Advanced packaging (3D TSV, fan-out WLP)
Protocol-aware smart translation (I3C, PCIe 6.0)