1. Overview

Thermoelectric Peltier Modules (TEMs) are solid-state devices that utilize the Peltier effect to transfer heat between two electrical junctions. When direct current (DC) passes through a thermoelectric material, heat is absorbed on one side and released on the opposite side. These modules enable precise temperature control without moving parts, refrigerants, or maintenance, making them critical in modern electronics, medical devices, and industrial systems.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

3. Structure and Components

A typical Peltier module consists of: - Ceramic substrates (high thermal conductivity electrical insulation) - Thermoelectric elements (Bismuth Telluride - Bi₂Te₃ based semiconductors) - Copper interconnects (low electrical resistance) - Solder junctions (thermal and electrical bonding) - Epoxy encapsulation (moisture protection)

4. Key Technical Specifications

5. Application Fields

Main industries include: - Electronics: CPU/GPU cooling, telecom equipment - Medical: PCR thermal cyclers, patient care devices Automotive: Battery thermal management, cabin climate control Scientific: Spectroscopy instruments, CCD cooling

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations: - Required T and heat load calculations - Operating voltage/current compatibility - Physical space constraints - Environmental conditions (humidity, vibration) - Cost vs. efficiency trade-offs

8. Industry Trends

Future developments focus on: - Advanced materials (Skutterudites, silicon-germanium) - Micro-scale integration for mobile devices - Smart modules with PID temperature control - Eco-friendly thermoelectric materials - 3D-printed customized geometries