TVS - Varistors, MOVs

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
VDRS05C130BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 205V 400A DISC 7MM	0
VDRS14T150BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 240V 4.5KA DISC 16MM	0
VDRUS20Z625BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 20D 130AA 625V STLDS	0
VDRS14T420BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 680V 4.5KA DISC 16.5MM	0
VDRS07H230BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 360V 1.2KA DISC 9MM	3640
VDRUS14X385BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 14D 8000A 385V STLDS BULK	799
VDRH14V300BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 470V 6KA DISC 16MM	2209
VDRS14T230BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 360V 4.5KA DISC 16MM	0
VDRS20W350BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 560V 6.5KA DISC 23MM	0
VDRUS10T300BKE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 10D 4500A 300V KNLDS	0
VDRS14T550BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 910V 4.5KA DISC 16.5MM	0
VDRS10P320BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 510V 2.5KA DISC 12MM	2093
VDRS07B030BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 47V 250A DISC 9MM	0
VDRUS10T140BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 10D 4500A 140V STLDS	0
VDRS07H140BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 220V 1.2KA DISC 9MM	0
VDRUS14X550BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 14D 8000A 550V STLDS BULK	922
VDRS20W230BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 360V 6.5KA DISC 22.50MM	0
MLV0402E31403T Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 25.5V 20A 0402	10909
VDRS10P075BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 120V 2.5KA DISC 12MM	0
VDRUS07M460BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 07D 1800A 460V STLDS BULK	1807

TVS - Varistors, MOVs

1. Overview

Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS), Varistors, and Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) are critical components for protecting electronic circuits from voltage spikes and electrostatic discharge (ESD). These devices clamp excessive voltage to safe levels, preventing damage to sensitive components. TVS diodes are semiconductor-based solutions with fast response times, while Varistors (including MOVs) use nonlinear resistive materials to absorb energy. Their importance spans industries like telecommunications, automotive, and consumer electronics, ensuring reliability in environments exposed to electrical surges.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
TVS Diodes	Unidirectional/bidirectional clamping, sub-nanosecond response time, low leakage current	Communication interfaces (USB, HDMI), microcontrollers, power supplies
Zinc Oxide Varistors	High energy absorption, voltage-dependent resistance, aging characteristics	Power line protection, industrial motor drives, surge protection strips
MOVs	Specialized varistors with metal oxide ceramics, optimized for AC/DC applications	Appliances, LED lighting, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

TVS diodes employ a PN junction semiconductor structure with doping profiles optimized for breakdown characteristics. Varistors consist of polycrystalline ceramic materials (typically zinc oxide grains with additives) sandwiched between metal electrodes, encapsulated in epoxy or molded housings. MOVs use similar materials to varistors but with enhanced grain boundary engineering for improved voltage clamping. All devices incorporate termination coatings (e.g., silver, tin) for PCB mounting compatibility.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Clamping Voltage (V_CLAMP)	Voltage level during surge conduction	Determines protection level for downstream components
Response Time	Time to transition from blocking to clamping mode	TVS: 0.5-10 ns; MOVs: 10-50 ns
Energy Absorption (W_ADM)	Maximum surge energy handling capability	Measured in joules (J), critical for industrial applications
Leakage Current	Off-state current at rated voltage	Impacts power efficiency, typically <100 A

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

Consumer Electronics: Smartphone charging circuits, TV power supplies
Industrial Automation: PLCs, motor drives, sensor interfaces
Automotive: ECU protection, CAN bus interfaces, battery management systems
Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, wind turbine controllers

Case Study: MOVs in smart meters provide 10kA surge protection against grid transients.

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Specifications
Littelfuse	SM712-02	12A, 13.3V clamping, bidirectional TVS for RS-485
Bourns	V14450A	14mm MOV, 450VAC, 210J energy rating
STMicroelectronics	TV05C060	0.5W, 6V, ultra-small TVS for IoT devices

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Operating voltage vs. clamping voltage margin
Surge current requirements (8/20 s waveform standard)
Package size constraints (SMD vs. through-hole)
Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity)
Lifespan expectations (MOVs degrade with repeated surges)

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

Miniaturization: Sub-0201 TVS devices for mobile applications
Higher energy density: MOVs with >1000J/cm absorption
Integration: Combined ESD and surge protection solutions
Automotive focus: AEC-Q qualified devices for 48V systems
Green manufacturing: Lead-free and RoHS-compliant materials