TVS - Varistors, MOVs

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
VDRUS07M460BKE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 07D 1800A 460V KNLDS	0
VDRUS14X140BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 14D 8000A 140V STLDS	0
VDRUS14X130BKE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 14D 8000A 130V KNLDS	0
VDRS10P175BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 275V 2.5KA DISC 12MM	0
VDRUS20Z320BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 20D 130AA 320V STLDS BULK	481
VDRS14T175BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 275V 4.5KA DISC 16MM	0
VDRUS20Z300BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 20D 130AA 300V STLDS BULK	277
VDRUS10T230BKE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 10D 4500A 230V KNLDS	0
VDRUS10T130BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 10D 4500A 130V STLDS BULK	1424
VDRS10P510BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 820V 2.5KA DISC 12.50MM	0
VDRH20X320BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 510V 10KA DISC 22.50MM	0
VDRS05A025TSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 39V 100A DISC 7MM	0
VDRUS10T420BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 10D 4500A 420V STLDS BULK	1989
VDRS05C150BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 240V 400A DISC 7MM	0
VDRUS10T275BKE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 10D 4500A 275V KNLDS	0
VDRUS10T230BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 10D 4500A 230V STLDS	0
VDRUS07M130BKE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 07D 1800A 130V KNLDS	0
VDRS07H350TSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 560V 1.2KA DISC 9MM	0
VDRUS20Z275BSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VDR US 20D 130AA 275V STLDS BULK	460
VDRS14G025TSE Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	VARISTOR 39V 1KA DISC 16MM	0

TVS - Varistors, MOVs

1. Overview

Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS), Varistors, and Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) are critical components for protecting electronic circuits from voltage spikes and electrostatic discharge (ESD). These devices clamp excessive voltage to safe levels, preventing damage to sensitive components. TVS diodes are semiconductor-based solutions with fast response times, while Varistors (including MOVs) use nonlinear resistive materials to absorb energy. Their importance spans industries like telecommunications, automotive, and consumer electronics, ensuring reliability in environments exposed to electrical surges.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
TVS Diodes	Unidirectional/bidirectional clamping, sub-nanosecond response time, low leakage current	Communication interfaces (USB, HDMI), microcontrollers, power supplies
Zinc Oxide Varistors	High energy absorption, voltage-dependent resistance, aging characteristics	Power line protection, industrial motor drives, surge protection strips
MOVs	Specialized varistors with metal oxide ceramics, optimized for AC/DC applications	Appliances, LED lighting, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

TVS diodes employ a PN junction semiconductor structure with doping profiles optimized for breakdown characteristics. Varistors consist of polycrystalline ceramic materials (typically zinc oxide grains with additives) sandwiched between metal electrodes, encapsulated in epoxy or molded housings. MOVs use similar materials to varistors but with enhanced grain boundary engineering for improved voltage clamping. All devices incorporate termination coatings (e.g., silver, tin) for PCB mounting compatibility.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Clamping Voltage (V_CLAMP)	Voltage level during surge conduction	Determines protection level for downstream components
Response Time	Time to transition from blocking to clamping mode	TVS: 0.5-10 ns; MOVs: 10-50 ns
Energy Absorption (W_ADM)	Maximum surge energy handling capability	Measured in joules (J), critical for industrial applications
Leakage Current	Off-state current at rated voltage	Impacts power efficiency, typically <100 A

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

Consumer Electronics: Smartphone charging circuits, TV power supplies
Industrial Automation: PLCs, motor drives, sensor interfaces
Automotive: ECU protection, CAN bus interfaces, battery management systems
Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, wind turbine controllers

Case Study: MOVs in smart meters provide 10kA surge protection against grid transients.

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Specifications
Littelfuse	SM712-02	12A, 13.3V clamping, bidirectional TVS for RS-485
Bourns	V14450A	14mm MOV, 450VAC, 210J energy rating
STMicroelectronics	TV05C060	0.5W, 6V, ultra-small TVS for IoT devices

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Operating voltage vs. clamping voltage margin
Surge current requirements (8/20 s waveform standard)
Package size constraints (SMD vs. through-hole)
Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity)
Lifespan expectations (MOVs degrade with repeated surges)

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

Miniaturization: Sub-0201 TVS devices for mobile applications
Higher energy density: MOVs with >1000J/cm absorption
Integration: Combined ESD and surge protection solutions
Automotive focus: AEC-Q qualified devices for 48V systems
Green manufacturing: Lead-free and RoHS-compliant materials