Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
UPS1H2R2MDD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 50V RADIAL	0
UBW1H4R7MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 4.7UF 20% 50V RADIAL	744
MAL214099812E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 63V SMD	4573
ALS70H123QP400 KEMET	CAP ALUM 12000UF 20% 400V SCREW	0
ALS80A274QM040 KEMET	CAP ALUM 270000UF 20% 40V SCREW	0
ALS81C163NW250 KEMET	CAP ALUM 16000UF 20% 250V SCREW	0
LNR1C683MSE Nichicon	CAP ALUM 68000UF 20% 16V SCREW	16
108CKE010M Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 1000UF 20% 10V RADIAL	2349
MAL209326561E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP ALUM 560UF 20% 400V SNAP	0
B43540A9127M TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 120UF 20% 400V SNAP	0
ALS71H163QS450 KEMET	CAP ALUM 16000UF 20% 450V SCREW	0
UHD1C222MHD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 16V RADIAL	4633
EEE-HAE471UAP Panasonic	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 25V SMD	2930
B41252A4189M TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 18000UF 20% 16V SNAP	0
LGU2P681MELB Nichicon	CAP ALUM 680UF 20% 220V SNAP	119
25PK3300MEFC16X25 Rubycon	CAP ALUM 3300UF 20% 25V RADIAL	0
UBW1V102MHD1TN Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1000UF 20% 35V RADIAL	178
USP1C101MDD1TE Nichicon	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 16V THRU HOLE	0
UPA0J152MPD6TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1500UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	328
EEE-FNE151XUV Panasonic	CAP ALUM 150UF 25VDC 20% SMD	900

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.