Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
EB12-12 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 12AH	0
ICP303450PA-02 Micropower Battery Company	BATTERY PACKS 3.7 V 510 MAH 52 X	0
ICP501022UPM Micropower Battery Company	BATTERY PACKS 3.7 V 80 MAH 24.0	0
MS518SE Seiko Instruments, Inc.	BATTERY 3V 3.4MAH COIN 5.8MM	0
PSL-SC-12200 Power Sonic	PSL-SC-12200 12.8V20AH LIFEPO4	0
ICP521630PM-01 Micropower Battery Company	BATTERY PACKS 3.7 V 250MAH 31.5	0
PS-1250F2 Power Sonic	12V5.0AH	5
ML-421S Panasonic	BATTERY 3V / 1.2MAH	0
ICP641620PA-01 Micropower Battery Company	BATTERY PACKS 3.7 V 165MAH 21.5	0
0769-6003 EnerSys	BATT LEAD ACID GENESIS XE16 12V	0
PSL-SC-1290 Power Sonic	PSL-SC-1290 12.8V 9AH LIFEPO4	0
ICP651321PA-01 Micropower Battery Company	BATTERY PACKS 3.7 V 120 MAH 23.0	0
MPL80-12 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 78AH	0
LC-P1220AP Panasonic	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 20AH	0
ICP501230PS-03 Micropower Battery Company	BATTERY PACK 5.5X31.50X12 MM	0
ICP581323PA-01 Micropower Battery Company	BATTERY PACKS 3.7 V 145 MAH 25.0	0
BP7-12-RT B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 7AH	0
PSL-SC-1270 Power Sonic	PSL-SC-1270 12.8V7.2AH LIFEPO4	0
BC7-12 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 7AH	0
HRC9-12-T2 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 8AH	0

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles