Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
BGN1800-4DWP-A800EC BatteryGuy	4.8V 1800MAH NICAD BATTERY	400
NH12BP-2 Eveready (Energizer Battery Company)	BATT NIMH 1.2V 850MAH AAA 1=2PK	0
RJD2440 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V COIN 24.5MM	182
NPX-100RFR	12V, 95 WPC 15 MINUTES	0
BW 12120 F1 Bright Way Group	12 VOLT 12 AH	12
BK-200AAPA1 Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.9AH AA	959
HHR-75AAA/B Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 700MAH AAA	31324
ASR00007 TinyCircuits	LITHIUM ION POLY BATT 3.7V 290MA	374
ML414H IV01E Seiko Instruments, Inc.	BATTERY LITHIUM 3V RECHARGE	23202
BL1200P4054481S1PCAC GlobTek, Inc.	BATTERY LI-ION 3.7V 1.05A	1093
BG-12400NB BatteryGuy	12V 40AH SLA BATTERY	25
HR-3U-2500 FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.3AH AA	0
BG-621F1 BatteryGuy	6V 2.0AH SLA BATTERY	399
NP24-12B	12V, 24 AH SLA	0
BP7-6-T1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 7AH	0
A7966 Comet America	RECHARGEABLE BATTERY 12V/7,2AH	20
LC-R123R4P Panasonic	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 3.4AH	31
EB24-12N-I1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 24AH	0
VL-2330/F3N Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 50MAH COIN 23.0MM	418
BP12-6-T1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 12AH	691

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles