Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
BW 12260 NB Bright Way Group	12 VOLT 26 AH	20
LI18650JS 1S1P + PCM + 2 WIRES 70MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH 3.6V 2.55AH 18650	2812
NH35BP-2 Eveready (Energizer Battery Company)	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.5AH C 1=2	121
MS920T-FL27E Seiko Instruments, Inc.	BATT LITH 3V 6.5MAH COIN 9.5MM	0
BP7-6-T2 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 7AH	0
BGN1800-5DWP-41REC BatteryGuy	6V 1800MAH NICAD BATTERY	400
NIMH-AA1300-4B Fuspower	NIMH AA 1300MAH 1.2V - PACK OF 4	285
BGN5500-10EWP-A800EC BatteryGuy	12V 5500MAH NICAD BATTERY	500
HHR-330AHY01 Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 3.2AH L-FAT A	0
VL-1220/HFN Panasonic	BATTERY LITH 3V 7MAH COIN 12.5MM	9663
BGNMH2700-3A BatteryGuy	3.6V 2700MAH NIMH BATTERY	400
SHR3.6-12 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 13W	533
ML-1220/F1AN Panasonic	BATT LITH 3V 17MAH COIN 12.5MM	37935
BP7.5-12-T2-FR B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 7.5AH	0
ICR18650-3000-F Fuspower	ICR18650 3000MAH 3.7V FLAT TOP	0
HR6-12-T1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 5.5AH	3
BGN2500 BatteryGuy	1.2V 2500MAH NICAD BATTERY C	400
MIKROE-4473 MikroElektronika	LI-POLYMER BATTERY 3.7V 1500MAH	0
BG-640F1 BatteryGuy	6V 4.0AH SLA BATTERY	2997
HR-AUT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.45AH A	61

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles