Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
BP1.2-6-T1 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 6V 1.2AH	0
N-1250SCRL Panasonic	BATTERY NICAD 1.2V 1.2AH 4/5 SC	338
NP7-12/250FR	12V, 7 AH SLA	100
GP 1800S AA 2AH (NIMH) Micropower Battery Company	GP RECYKO+ PROFESSIONAL NIMH 200	0
LP561836JU + PCM + WIRES 50MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 350MAH 3.7V	285
BG-1229F1 BatteryGuy	12V 2.9AH SLA BATTERY	100
BW 12180 F2 Bright Way Group	12 VOLT 18 AH	18
LP603443JU + PCM + WIRES 70MM Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH POLY 1S1P 900MAH 3.7V	746
PC7.2-12F2 ZEUS Battery Products	BA 12V 7.2AH SLA	120
LI18650PBF 2S2P + PCM + WIRE Jauch Quartz	BATT LITH ION 2S2P 6500MAH 7.2V	109
BGN7000-5FWP-A800EC BatteryGuy	6V 7000MAH NICAD BATTERY	800
RJD3032HPPV30M Cornell Dubilier Electronics	BATTERY LITHIUM 3.7V COIN 30.0MM	271300
BGN800B 1000MAH BatteryGuy	1.2V 1000MAH NICAD BATTERY	400
HHR-20SCPY14 Panasonic	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.9AH 4/5 SC	0
HR-AAUT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.5AH AA	55
LC-RA1212P Panasonic	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 12AH	45
NH15BP-8 Eveready (Energizer Battery Company)	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.3AH AA 1=8PK	821
BC7-12-T2 B B Battery	12V, 7AH VRLA UP TO 7 YEAR FLOAT	0
BG-12350NB BatteryGuy	12V 35AH SLA BATTERY	398
BP5-12-T2 B B Battery	BATTERY LEAD ACID 12V 5AH	128

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles