Power transformers are static electrical devices that transfer energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They enable voltage conversion (step-up/step-down) while maintaining galvanic isolation. These components are fundamental in power distribution systems, renewable energy integration, and industrial equipment, ensuring efficient energy transmission and voltage level adaptation.
| Type | Functional Characteristics | Application Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Distribution Transformers | Medium voltage conversion (1kV-36kV), compact design | Urban power grids, residential areas |
| Transmission Transformers | High voltage (66kV-800kV), grid stability focus | Substations, long-distance power lines |
| Instrument Transformers | Measurement and protection (CT/VT types) | Energy metering, relay protection |
| Specialty Transformers | Custom configurations (furnace, traction, marine) | Industrial furnaces, railway systems |
Typical construction includes:
| Parameter | Typical Range | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Rated Voltage | 230V-800kV | Determines system compatibility |
| Power Capacity | 50kVA-1000MVA | Defines energy throughput |
| Voltage Ratio | 1:1 to 1:20 | Specifies transformation ratio |
| Efficiency | 95%-99.5% | Impacts operational costs |
| Short Circuit Impedance | 4%-20% | Affects fault current limitation |
| Insulation Class | A (105 C) to C (220 C) | Determines thermal endurance |
Major sectors include:
| Manufacturer | Representative Product | Key Features |
|---|---|---|
| Siemens Energy | Blue Transformers | Environmentally friendly synthetic ester insulation |
| Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) | 550kV UHV Transformer | 500kV DC transmission capability |
| General Electric (GE) | Premier Series | Smart monitoring with Predictivity analytics |
| Mitsubishi Electric | 330MVA Traction Transformer | Compact design for Shinkansen trains |
Key considerations:
Case Study: Wind farm grid connection selected 33/132kV ONAF-cooled transformer with 12% impedance to meet fault ride-through requirements.
Current development directions:
Market forecasts indicate 6.2% CAGR through 2030, driven by grid modernization and EV charging infrastructure expansion.