Logic - Translators, Level Shifters

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
SN74LVC1T45DCKTE4 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL SC70-6	328
MC100ELT22D	TTL/CMOS TO PECL TRANSLATOR	6324
74ALVC164245DGGRE4 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 48TSSOP	1662
TXS0104EPWRG4 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 14TSSOP	6983
MAX13030EETE+T Maxim Integrated	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 16TQFN	2500
FXLH1T45L6X	LOW VOLTAGE 1-BIT BI-DIRECTIONAL	129960
SN74AXC4T774PWR Texas Instruments	IC LOGIC BUFFER/DRIVER	1738
ST2329BQTR STMicroelectronics	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 8QFN	0
74AUP1T58GS,132 Nexperia	IC LP CONFIG GATE V-XLATR 6XSON	0
MAX3378EEUD Analog Devices, Inc.	DUAL LOW-VOLT LEVEL TRANSLATOR	0
MAX3023EUD Analog Devices, Inc.	QUAD-LEVEL TRANSLATOR	0
LSF0108RKSR Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 20VQFN	58
GTL2003PW112 NXP Semiconductors	IC XLATR QUAD BI-DIREC 14-TSSOP	0
SN74AVCH1T45YEPR Texas Instruments	BUS TRANSCEIVER	15000
74AVC16T245DGGRE4 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 48TSSOP	0
SN74GTLPH16927VR Texas Instruments	REGISTERED BUS TRANSCEIVER	2000
TXS0101DBVR Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL SOT23-6	0
SN74GTLPH1627DGGR Texas Instruments	REGISTERED BUS TRANSCEIVER	6000
100398QI	TTL TO ECL TRANSCEIVER	924
SN74AXC2T45DCUR Texas Instruments	8 PIN TRANSLATOR DCU 12/20/2019	2069

Logic - Translators, Level Shifters

1. Overview

Logic translators and level shifters are semiconductor devices that enable signal compatibility between circuits operating at different voltage levels. These ICs ensure reliable data transmission by converting logic signals from one voltage domain to another, maintaining signal integrity in mixed-voltage systems. Their importance has grown with the proliferation of low-voltage CMOS technologies and multi-rail power architectures in modern electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Single-direction translators	Unidirectional voltage conversion with isolation	SPI interface between 3.3V FPGA and 1.8V sensors
Bi-directional translators	Automatic direction detection, dual-voltage I/O	I2C bus bridging between 5V microcontroller and 2.5V EEPROM
Multi-channel level shifters	Parallel conversion of multiple signals (4-32 channels)	Memory interface between SoC and DDR4 SDRAM modules
Direction-controlled translators	External control pin for signal direction selection	UART level conversion in industrial communication modules

3. Structure and Composition

Typical devices feature a monolithic CMOS structure with dual power supply inputs (VCCA and VCCB). Physical components include:

Dual-supply MOSFET pairs for voltage translation
Integrated clamp circuits for ESD protection
Direction control logic (for bidirectional types)
Channel-specific enable/disable circuitry

Common package types: TSSOP (14-48 pins), QFN (20-64 pins), WLCSP (1.5 1.5mm ultra-compact).

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Significance
Voltage range (1.2V-5.5V)	Determines compatibility with different logic families
Conversion rate (100Mbps-1.2Gbps)	Limits maximum operating frequency
Channel count (1-32)	Impacts system integration density
Propagation delay (2-20ns)	Affects timing critical applications
Quiescent current (1-100 A)	Power efficiency in battery-powered systems

5. Application Areas

Key industries include:

Telecommunications: 5G baseband processors interfacing with RF front-ends
Industrial automation: PLC modules connecting 24V sensors to 3.3V MCUs
Consumer electronics: Smartphone PMIC to application processor communication
Automotive systems: CAN-FD transceiver voltage adaptation
IoT devices: Sensor hub interfacing between different voltage rail components

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
TI (Texas Instruments)	TXB0108	8-channel, 1.2-3.6V to 1.65-5.5V translation, auto-direction detection
NXP Semiconductors	LTC2850	3.3/5V dual supply, 15kV ESD protection, RS485/UART interface
ON Semiconductor	NXU408	4-channel, 0.9-5.5V range, sub-1ns propagation delay
STMicroelectronics	L6470	Stepper motor driver with integrated level shifting for industrial automation

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Match supply voltage ranges with source/target systems
Ensure conversion rate meets timing requirements
Choose appropriate channel density to minimize PCB area
For bidirectional buses, select devices with automatic direction sensing
Consider thermal performance for high-current applications
Evaluate ESD protection levels for industrial environments

8. Industry Trends

Development directions include:

Voltage scaling down to 0.8V core operation
Integration with signal conditioning functions
Increased adoption of capacitive isolation technology
Advanced packaging (3D TSV, fan-out WLP)
Protocol-aware smart translation (I3C, PCIe 6.0)