Logic - Translators, Level Shifters

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
SN74LVC2T45MDCTTEP Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL SM8	3103
PCA9306DCURG4 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 8VSSOP	0
LP3928TL-1828	ANALOG CIRCUIT, 1 FUNC, PBGA16	250
SN74AUP1T97YFPR Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR UNIDIRECTIONAL 6DSBGA	3000
MC10H605FNR2	ECL TO TTL TRANSLATOR	1822
CLVC16T245MDGGEP Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 48TSSOP	3605
74AVC2T45GN,115 NXP Semiconductors	74AVC2T45 - DUAL-BIT, DUAL-SUPPL	73870
74AUP1T97GM,115 Nexperia	IC LP CONFIG GATE V-XLATR 6-XSON	0
74ALVC164245DL,118 Nexperia	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 48SSOP	3431
MC10H125P	ECL TO TTL TRANSLATOR	1728
MAX13013EXT+T Maxim Integrated	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL SC70-6	1646
NLVSV1T34DFT2G Sanyo Semiconductor/ON Semiconductor	IC TRNSLTR UNIDIRECTIONAL SC88A	69048000
MAX13013EBT Analog Devices, Inc.	SINGLE-LEVEL TRANSLATOR	2121
100325SCX	ECL TO TTL TRANSLATOR	1086
NXS0108BQ-Q100X Nexperia	NXS0108BQ-Q100/SOT764/DHVQFN20	3000
MC100EPT22DR2G	TTL/CMOS TO PECL TRANSLATOR, 2 F	4568
MAX3373EEBL+ Analog Devices, Inc.	DUAL LOW-VOLT LEVEL TRANSLATOR	0
ADG3308BCPZ-REEL7 Analog Devices, Inc.	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL 20LFCSP	1465
NLSX5011AMX1TCG	INTERFACE CIRCUIT, PBGA6	5796
PCA9306DCTTG4 Texas Instruments	IC TRNSLTR BIDIRECTIONAL SM8	0

Logic - Translators, Level Shifters

1. Overview

Logic translators and level shifters are semiconductor devices that enable signal compatibility between circuits operating at different voltage levels. These ICs ensure reliable data transmission by converting logic signals from one voltage domain to another, maintaining signal integrity in mixed-voltage systems. Their importance has grown with the proliferation of low-voltage CMOS technologies and multi-rail power architectures in modern electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Single-direction translators	Unidirectional voltage conversion with isolation	SPI interface between 3.3V FPGA and 1.8V sensors
Bi-directional translators	Automatic direction detection, dual-voltage I/O	I2C bus bridging between 5V microcontroller and 2.5V EEPROM
Multi-channel level shifters	Parallel conversion of multiple signals (4-32 channels)	Memory interface between SoC and DDR4 SDRAM modules
Direction-controlled translators	External control pin for signal direction selection	UART level conversion in industrial communication modules

3. Structure and Composition

Typical devices feature a monolithic CMOS structure with dual power supply inputs (VCCA and VCCB). Physical components include:

Dual-supply MOSFET pairs for voltage translation
Integrated clamp circuits for ESD protection
Direction control logic (for bidirectional types)
Channel-specific enable/disable circuitry

Common package types: TSSOP (14-48 pins), QFN (20-64 pins), WLCSP (1.5 1.5mm ultra-compact).

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Significance
Voltage range (1.2V-5.5V)	Determines compatibility with different logic families
Conversion rate (100Mbps-1.2Gbps)	Limits maximum operating frequency
Channel count (1-32)	Impacts system integration density
Propagation delay (2-20ns)	Affects timing critical applications
Quiescent current (1-100 A)	Power efficiency in battery-powered systems

5. Application Areas

Key industries include:

Telecommunications: 5G baseband processors interfacing with RF front-ends
Industrial automation: PLC modules connecting 24V sensors to 3.3V MCUs
Consumer electronics: Smartphone PMIC to application processor communication
Automotive systems: CAN-FD transceiver voltage adaptation
IoT devices: Sensor hub interfacing between different voltage rail components

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
TI (Texas Instruments)	TXB0108	8-channel, 1.2-3.6V to 1.65-5.5V translation, auto-direction detection
NXP Semiconductors	LTC2850	3.3/5V dual supply, 15kV ESD protection, RS485/UART interface
ON Semiconductor	NXU408	4-channel, 0.9-5.5V range, sub-1ns propagation delay
STMicroelectronics	L6470	Stepper motor driver with integrated level shifting for industrial automation

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Match supply voltage ranges with source/target systems
Ensure conversion rate meets timing requirements
Choose appropriate channel density to minimize PCB area
For bidirectional buses, select devices with automatic direction sensing
Consider thermal performance for high-current applications
Evaluate ESD protection levels for industrial environments

8. Industry Trends

Development directions include:

Voltage scaling down to 0.8V core operation
Integration with signal conditioning functions
Increased adoption of capacitive isolation technology
Advanced packaging (3D TSV, fan-out WLP)
Protocol-aware smart translation (I3C, PCIe 6.0)