Diodes - Zener - Single

Image Part Number Description / PDF Quantity Rfq
1N4472US

1N4472US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 20V 1.5W

182

JAN1N4464

JAN1N4464

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 9.1V 1.5W

0

JAN1N4488US

JAN1N4488US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 91V 1.5W

0

1N4989

1N4989

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 200V 5W AXIAL

0

1N4982

1N4982

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 100V 5W AXIAL

0

1N4486

1N4486

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 75V 1.5W AXIAL

235

JAN1N4957

JAN1N4957

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 9.1V 500W

0

JAN1N4961

JAN1N4961

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 13V 500W

0

1N4957US

1N4957US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 9.1V 5W

0

1N4984

1N4984

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 120V 5W AXIAL

0

1N4966

1N4966

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 22V 5W AXIAL

0

JAN1N4988

JAN1N4988

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 180V 500W

0

JAN1N4982US

JAN1N4982US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 100V 500W

0

1N4956US

1N4956US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 8.2V 5W

0

JAN1N4485

JAN1N4485

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 68V 1.5W

0

1N4989US

1N4989US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 200V 5W

0

JAN1N4965

JAN1N4965

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 20V 500W

0

1N4969US

1N4969US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 30V 5W

0

1N4978US

1N4978US

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 68V 5W

0

1N4981

1N4981

Semtech

DIODE ZENER 91V 5W AXIAL

0

Diodes - Zener - Single

1. Overview

Single Zener diodes are discrete semiconductor devices designed to operate in the reverse breakdown region, maintaining a stable voltage across a wide range of currents. Based on the Zener effect and avalanche breakdown mechanisms, these components are critical for voltage regulation, reference, and protection circuits. They serve as foundational elements in power supplies, analog circuits, and precision measurement systems, ensuring reliability in electronics ranging from consumer devices to industrial equipment.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

TypeFunctional CharacteristicsApplication Examples
Low-Voltage Zener (2.4V-10V)Utilizes Zener effect with sharp breakdown characteristicsVoltage references, comparator circuits
Mid-Voltage Zener (10V-100V)Combines Zener and avalanche breakdownPower supply regulation, clamping circuits
High-Voltage Zener (>100V)Primarily avalanche breakdown mechanismHigh-voltage protection, industrial controls
Surface-Mount (SMD) ZenerMiniaturized packaging for automated assemblyMobile devices, wearable electronics

3. Structure and Composition

Single Zener diodes consist of a heavily doped PN junction semiconductor structure, typically fabricated from silicon. The cathode terminal is marked with a band, while the anode connects to the P-type material. Advanced devices employ passivation layers (e.g., silicon dioxide) to improve stability and reliability. Common packaging includes axial leaded (DO-35, DO-41) and surface-mount (SOD-123, SOT-23) formats with glass or plastic encapsulation for environmental protection.

4. Key Technical Specifications

ParameterDescriptionImportance
Zener Voltage (Vz)Specified reverse breakdown voltage at test currentDetermines operating voltage level
Power Dissipation (Pz)Maximum power handling capabilityDefines thermal management requirements
Dynamic Impedance (Zz)AC resistance affecting voltage stabilityImpacts regulation performance
Temperature Coefficient (TC)Voltage drift per degree CelsiusCritical for precision applications
Reverse Leakage Current (Ir)Off-state current at rated voltageAffects power efficiency

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

  • Power electronics (switching power supplies, DC-DC converters)
  • Industrial automation (PLC voltage references, sensor interfaces)
  • Consumer electronics (mobile chargers, LED drivers)
  • Automotive systems (battery management, onboard charging)
  • Test equipment (precision multimeters, calibration devices)

Example: The TL431 programmable Zener diode is widely used in SMPS feedback loops to achieve 1% voltage accuracy.

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

ManufacturerRepresentative ProductKey Specifications
TI (Texas Instruments)LM4040-N1.2V-10V, 0.1% initial tolerance, SOT-23
ON Semiconductor1N47xx Series3.3V-400V, 1W-50W power range
STMicroelectronicsBZX84-C5V15.1V, 300mW, 2% tolerance, SOD-323
NexperiaPXZGxx Series2.5V-75V, AEC-Q101 automotive qualification

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

  1. Determine required Vz with 5% margin over operating current range
  2. Calculate Pz = Vz maximum expected current
  3. Select package type based on board space and thermal requirements
  4. For precision applications, prioritize TC < 100ppm/ C and low Zz
  5. Consider automotive-grade parts for harsh environments

8. Industry Trends

Current development trends include: - Miniaturization with advanced trench Zener structures - Integration with ESD protection in combo devices - Wide bandgap materials (SiC) for high-voltage applications - Improved temperature stability through laser trimming - Increased adoption in renewable energy systems for voltage monitoring - Growth in automotive electronics driving AEC-Q qualified parts

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