Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), Supercapacitors

Image Part Number Description / PDF Quantity Rfq
MAL223031004E3

MAL223031004E3

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

CAP ALUM 25F 3V 2000H

0

MAL219690107E3

MAL219690107E3

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

CAPACITOR 90F -20% +80% 7V T/H

210

SCMR22H155PSBB0

SCMR22H155PSBB0

Elco (AVX)

CAP 1.5F 0% +100% 6V T/H

1266

MAL222031008E3

MAL222031008E3

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

CAP ALUM 50F 2.7V 1000H

0

BZ115A224ZSBA1

BZ115A224ZSBA1

Elco (AVX)

BESTCAP

0

106DER2R5STV

106DER2R5STV

Cornell Dubilier Electronics

CAP 10F -20%, +50% 2.5V T/H

0

PHV-5R4V505-R

PHV-5R4V505-R

PowerStor (Eaton)

CAP 5F -10% +30% 5.4V T/H

246

SCMR18D105PSBB0H

SCMR18D105PSBB0H

Elco (AVX)

CAP 1F 0% +100% 5.4V T/H

180810

JJC0E156MELZ

JJC0E156MELZ

Nichicon

CAP 15F 20% 2.5V T/H

5

FCS0H224ZFTBR24

FCS0H224ZFTBR24

KEMET

CAP 220MF -20% +80% 5.5V SMD

444

MAL222031004E3

MAL222031004E3

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

CAP ALUM 25F 2.7V 1000H

0

BZ15FB153ZSBDR

BZ15FB153ZSBDR

Elco (AVX)

BESTCAP

0

MAL222031016E3

MAL222031016E3

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

CAP ALUM 15F 2.7V 1000H

0

TPLC-3R8/40MR10X20

TPLC-3R8/40MR10X20

Tecate Group

CAP HYBRID 40F 3.8V T/H

128

SCCX50B227SSBLE

SCCX50B227SSBLE

Elco (AVX)

CAPACITOR 220F -10% +30% 2.7V TH

24

FR0H223ZF

FR0H223ZF

KEMET

CAP 22MF -20% +80% 5.5V T/H

646

SCCR20B335PRBLE

SCCR20B335PRBLE

Elco (AVX)

CAP 3.3F -10% +30% 2.7V T/H

2284800

FME0H473ZF

FME0H473ZF

KEMET

CAP 47MF -20% +80% 5.5V T/H

1001

DBJ-5R5D105T

DBJ-5R5D105T

Elna America

CAP 1F -20% +80% 5.5V T/H

4724

SCMR18F105PRBA0

SCMR18F105PRBA0

Elco (AVX)

CAP 1F 0% +100% 5.5V T/H

3114

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), Supercapacitors

1. Overview

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), commonly referred to as supercapacitors, are electrochemical energy storage devices that bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries. They store energy through electrostatic charge separation at the electrode-electrolyte interface, offering high power density, rapid charge/discharge cycles, and exceptional cycle life (up to 1 million cycles). Their importance in modern technology lies in enabling energy-efficient systems for applications requiring burst power, energy recovery, and backup power solutions.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type Functional Features Application Examples
EDLC (Carbon-based) High power density, long cycle life, low energy density Regenerative braking systems, UPS
Pseudocapacitors Higher energy density via redox reactions, moderate cycle life Portable electronics, grid energy storage
Hybrid Supercapacitors Combines EDLC and battery materials for balanced energy/power density Electric vehicles, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

A typical supercapacitor consists of two activated carbon electrodes separated by a porous membrane, immersed in an electrolyte (aqueous, organic, or ionic liquid). The electrodes are coated on current collectors (usually aluminum foil), and the entire assembly is enclosed in a hermetically sealed metal or polymer casing. Advanced designs incorporate graphene or carbon nanotubes to enhance surface area and conductivity.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter Description & Importance
Capacitance (F) Determines charge storage capacity (range: 1 F to 5000 F)
Rated Voltage (V) Limits operational voltage (2.5 V 3.0 V per cell)
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) Affects power delivery efficiency (low ESR enables high pulse currents)
Energy Density (Wh/kg) Typical range: 5 50 Wh/kg
Power Density (kW/kg) Typical range: 1 10 kW/kg
Cycle Life Exceeds 100,000 cycles with minimal degradation

5. Application Fields

  • Consumer Electronics: Smart meters, LED flashlights
  • Automotive: Start-stop systems, kinetic energy recovery systems (KERS)
  • Industrial: Robotics, backup power for PLCs
  • Renewable Energy: Solar/wind energy storage, grid frequency regulation
  • Transportation: Trams, buses, and hybrid vehicles

6. Leading Manufacturers and Representative Products

Manufacturer Product Series Key Specifications
Maxwell Technologies (Tesla) BoostCap BC Series 10 F 3400 F, 2.7 V, ESR < 0.5 m
Panasonic Gold Capacitor Series 5 F 1000 F, 3.0 V, 10-year lifespan
Skeleton Technologies SkelCap Series 1200 F 5000 F, 2.85 V, 40 kW/kg power density
Samsung SDI
Supercapacitor Modules 50 F 2000 F, automotive-grade durability

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations include:

  • Application Requirements: Prioritize power density for pulse applications or energy density for long-duration backup
  • Voltage Matching: Use cell-balancing circuits for multi-cell stacks
  • Operating Environment: Select electrolytes suitable for temperature extremes (e.g., ionic liquids for -40 C to 85 C)
  • Lifetime Cost: Evaluate cycle life versus initial cost (e.g., EDLCs outlast batteries in cycling applications)

 

Industry Trends and Future Outlook

Emerging trends include:

  • Development of graphene-based electrodes to double energy density
  • Integration with IoT devices for smart energy management
  • Growth in automotive applications driven by EV and 48V micro-hybrid systems
  • Adoption of aqueous electrolytes for safer, low-cost energy storage
  • Hybrid supercapacitor-battery systems for renewable energy grids

The global supercapacitor market is projected to grow at 20% CAGR (2023 2030), driven by demand in transportation and renewable energy sectors.

 

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