Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), Supercapacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
BZ055A333ZSB Elco (AVX)	CAP 33MF -20% +80% 5.5V SMD	3400
LP12202R7106 TAIYO YUDEN	CAP 10F 20% 2.7V T/H	64
JJC0E396MELC Nichicon	CAP 39F 20% 2.5V T/H	0
MAL222091003E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP 20F -20% +50% 2.7V T/H	5
MAL222591004E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP 25F -20% +50% 2.7V T/H	197
BZ113B104ZSBDZ Elco (AVX)	BESTCAP	0
FCS0H473ZFTBR24 KEMET	CAP 47MF -20% +80% 5.5V SMD	1004
EEC-HL0E255 Panasonic	CAP 2.5F 20% 2.7V T/H	551
XT3585-3R0567-R PowerStor (Eaton)	CAP 555F -5% +20% 3V T/H	7
FG0H474ZF KEMET	CAP 470MF -20% +80% 5.5V T/H	0
DBJ-5R5D473T Elna America	CAP 47MF -20% +80% 5.5V T/H	749
DDKA2R5ELL500KM50S United Chemi-Con	SUPERCAP 2.5V 50F	717
BZ116A154ZSBA3 Elco (AVX)	BESTCAP	0
DSF255Q6R0JBE Cornell Dubilier Electronics	2.5F 6.0V 112123	15761950
305DER2R5SFJG Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP 3F -20% +50% 2.5V T/H	0
SCAP,PBLS-1.0/27 Tecate Group	CAP 1F -10% +20% 27V UCAP PACK	145
XLR-48R6167-R PowerStor (Eaton)	CAP 166F 0% +20% 48.6V CHAS MNT	6
JJD0E108MSED Nichicon	CAP 1000F 20% 2.5V CHASSIS MOUNT	0
FMC0H473ZF KEMET	CAP 47MF -20% +80% 5.5V T/H	960
FS0H104ZF KEMET	CAP 100MF -20% +80% 5.5V T/H	225

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), Supercapacitors

1. Overview

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), commonly referred to as supercapacitors, are electrochemical energy storage devices that bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries. They store energy through electrostatic charge separation at the electrode-electrolyte interface, offering high power density, rapid charge/discharge cycles, and exceptional cycle life (up to 1 million cycles). Their importance in modern technology lies in enabling energy-efficient systems for applications requiring burst power, energy recovery, and backup power solutions.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
EDLC (Carbon-based)	High power density, long cycle life, low energy density	Regenerative braking systems, UPS
Pseudocapacitors	Higher energy density via redox reactions, moderate cycle life	Portable electronics, grid energy storage
Hybrid Supercapacitors	Combines EDLC and battery materials for balanced energy/power density	Electric vehicles, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

A typical supercapacitor consists of two activated carbon electrodes separated by a porous membrane, immersed in an electrolyte (aqueous, organic, or ionic liquid). The electrodes are coated on current collectors (usually aluminum foil), and the entire assembly is enclosed in a hermetically sealed metal or polymer casing. Advanced designs incorporate graphene or carbon nanotubes to enhance surface area and conductivity.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description & Importance
Capacitance (F)	Determines charge storage capacity (range: 1 F to 5000 F)
Rated Voltage (V)	Limits operational voltage (2.5 V 3.0 V per cell)
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)	Affects power delivery efficiency (low ESR enables high pulse currents)
Energy Density (Wh/kg)	Typical range: 5 50 Wh/kg
Power Density (kW/kg)	Typical range: 1 10 kW/kg
Cycle Life	Exceeds 100,000 cycles with minimal degradation

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smart meters, LED flashlights
Automotive: Start-stop systems, kinetic energy recovery systems (KERS)
Industrial: Robotics, backup power for PLCs
Renewable Energy: Solar/wind energy storage, grid frequency regulation
Transportation: Trams, buses, and hybrid vehicles

6. Leading Manufacturers and Representative Products

Manufacturer	Product Series	Key Specifications
Maxwell Technologies (Tesla)	BoostCap BC Series	10 F 3400 F, 2.7 V, ESR < 0.5 m
Panasonic	Gold Capacitor Series	5 F 1000 F, 3.0 V, 10-year lifespan
Skeleton Technologies	SkelCap Series	1200 F 5000 F, 2.85 V, 40 kW/kg power density
Samsung SDI
Supercapacitor Modules	50 F 2000 F, automotive-grade durability

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations include:

Application Requirements: Prioritize power density for pulse applications or energy density for long-duration backup
Voltage Matching: Use cell-balancing circuits for multi-cell stacks
Operating Environment: Select electrolytes suitable for temperature extremes (e.g., ionic liquids for -40 C to 85 C)
Lifetime Cost: Evaluate cycle life versus initial cost (e.g., EDLCs outlast batteries in cycling applications)

Industry Trends and Future Outlook

Emerging trends include:

Development of graphene-based electrodes to double energy density
Integration with IoT devices for smart energy management
Growth in automotive applications driven by EV and 48V micro-hybrid systems
Adoption of aqueous electrolytes for safer, low-cost energy storage
Hybrid supercapacitor-battery systems for renewable energy grids

The global supercapacitor market is projected to grow at 20% CAGR (2023 2030), driven by demand in transportation and renewable energy sectors.