Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
ECA-2VHG2R2B Panasonic	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 350V RADIAL	0
EEE-TP1K391M Panasonic	CAP ALUM 390UF 20% 80V RADIAL	0
ECA-2GM330 Panasonic	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 400V RADIAL	0
EEU-FS2A121LB Panasonic	CAP ALUM 120UF 20% 100V THRUHOLE	3992
EEE-TKK221UAM Panasonic	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 80V SMD	54
ECA-1CM222B Panasonic	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 16V RADIAL	0
EEU-EE2V330 Panasonic	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 350V RADIAL	324
EEU-FR0J682S Panasonic	CAP ALUM 6800UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	286
EEU-FC2A471 Panasonic	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 100V RADIAL	0
EEE-TP1C331AP Panasonic	CAP ALUM 330UF 20% 16V SMD	176
EET-HC2S391KA Panasonic	CAP ALUM 390UF 20% 420V SNAP	21
EEU-TA1A222 Panasonic	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 10V RADIAL	192
EEU-FC1V151B Panasonic	CAP ALUM 150UF 20% 35V RADIAL	0
ECE-A1AKS101B Panasonic	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 10V RADIAL	0
EEE-FK0J101AP Panasonic	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 6.3V SMD	5257
EET-UQ2V331BA Panasonic	CAP ALUM 330UF 20% 350V SNAP	102
EEU-EE2G101 Panasonic	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 400V RADIAL	2386
EEE-FK1C680AP Panasonic	CAP ALUM 68UF 20% 16V SMD	36572
EEU-FR1V821L Panasonic	CAP ALUM 820UF 20% 35V RADIAL	8194
ECE-A1EKA330B Panasonic	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 25V RADIAL	0

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.