Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
B43504E2188M82 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 1800UF 20% 200V SNAP	0
ULD2G2R2MPD6 Nichicon	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 400V RADIAL	0
ECA-1HHG101BJ Panasonic	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 50V RADIAL	0
EKMM451VNN221MQ50W United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
381LR181M420H452 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 180UF 20% 420V SNAP	0
UHE2A820MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 82UF 20% 100V RADIAL	1236
450PX33MEFCGC16X25 Rubycon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 450V RADIAL	0
UPT2W121MRD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 120UF 20% 450V RADIAL	153
UCY2E330MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 250V RADIAL	3698
B41821A8476M8 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 47UF 20% 63V RADIAL	0
B43501C9397M67 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 390UF 20% 400V SNAP	0
ALS81G163NF200 KEMET	CAP ALUM 16000UF 20% 200V SCREW	0
860240672002 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 10 UF 20% 50 V	1942
LPX561M200C5P3 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 560UF 20% 200V SNAP	0
MAL225967121E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP ALUM 120UF 450V 3000H	0
MLS113M040EB0A Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 11000UF 20% 40V FLATPCK	61
B41505F9108M7 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 1000UF 20% 100V SNAP	0
EEE-FC0J152P Panasonic	CAP ALUM 1500UF 20% 6.3V SMD	3719
EEU-FC1C222B Panasonic	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 16V RADIAL	0
EEU-EE2C820 Panasonic	CAP ALUM 82UF 20% 160V RADIAL	0

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.