Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
UPH2W181MHD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 180UF 20% 450V RADIAL	50
CGO892M028L Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 8900UF 20% 28V SCREW	0
400LEX2.2MEFC8X11.5 Rubycon	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 400V RADIAL	0
UES1C331MHM1TO Nichicon	CAP ALUM 330UF 20% 16V RADIAL	0
UVZ1C100MDD1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 10UF 20% 16V RADIAL	0
UKW2A101MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 100V RADIAL	1818
SLPX562M050A4P3 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 5600UF 20% 50V SNAP	0
ECA-1HHG3R3 Panasonic	CAP ALUM 3.3UF 20% 50V RADIAL	17
381LX271M450K452 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 270UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
100ZLH680MEFCGC16X40 Rubycon	CAP ALUM 680UF 20% 100V RADIAL	0
B43540E2188M2 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 1800UF 20% 250V SNAP	0
EKXL401ELL470MJ40S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 47UF 20% 400V RADIAL TH	10743
UCY2C391MHD9 Nichicon	CAP ALUM 390UF 20% 160V RADIAL	0
UPW1C332MHD1TN Nichicon	CAP ALUM 3300UF 20% 16V RADIAL	8
400HXG220MEFCSN30X30 Rubycon	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 400V SNAP	78
B43601A2278M80 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 2700UF 20% 200V SNAP	0
336TMA250M Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 250V AXIAL	0
UST1HR33MDD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 0.33UF 20% 50V RADIAL	0
B43508A5337M82 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 330UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
UHW1C122MPD6 Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1200UF 20% 16V RADIAL	0

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.