Battery Packs

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
HHR70AAAB8L2X4 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NIMH 9.6V AAA	0
KR-CH(2.5)L2X2 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NICAD 4.8V C	0
N-1300SCRF2 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NICAD 2.4V SC	0
N-3000CRF2X3 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NICAD 7.2V C	0
EN91F5 Eveready (Energizer Battery Company)	BATTERY PACK ALKALINE 7.5V AA	0
KR-CH(2.5)L5X1 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NICAD 6V C	0
HHR-60AAAHF8 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NIMH 9.6V AAA	0
HHR-150AAB01L2X4 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NIMH 9.6V AA	0
HR-AUF2 FDK America	BATTERY PACK NIMH 2.4V A	0
HR-4/5AUF6 FDK America	BATTERY PACK NIMH 7.2V 4/5 A	0
N-1700SCRL3X1 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NICAD 3.6V SC	0
HR-SCUL2X3 FDK America	BATTERY PACK NIMH 7.2V SC	0
HHR-300CHF7 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NIMH 8.4V C	0
HHR-370AHF4 Panasonic	BATTERY PACK NIMH 4.8V L-FAT A	0
HR-4/3AU(4.0AH)L5X2 FDK America	BATTERY PACK NIMH 12V 4/3 A	0
HR-AAAUF3 FDK America	BATTERY PACK NIMH 3.6V AAA	0
HR-SCUF10 FDK America	BATTERY PACK NIMH 12V SC	0
L148A26-4-3-3WA3 Dantona Industries, Inc.	ICR18650 14.8V 2600MAH W/CONN	566
HR-3UTGF10 FDK America	BATTERY PACK NIMH 12V AA	0
LR14 F/BF2X3 FDK America	BATTERY PACK ALKALINE 9V C	0

Battery Packs

1. Overview

Battery packs are integrated assemblies of multiple electrochemical cells connected in series, parallel, or combination configurations to deliver required voltage, capacity, and power. These modular energy storage systems play critical roles in portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage, and industrial equipment. Modern advancements in battery chemistry and management systems have enabled higher energy densities, faster charging capabilities, and improved safety features essential for expanding electrification across industries.

2. Major Types & Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (150-250 Wh/kg), 500-2000 cycles lifespan, low self-discharge	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), 500-1000 cycles, environmental friendly	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge currents, 300-500 cycles	Automotive starters, backup power
Solid-State	High safety, >1000 Wh/L energy density, wide temperature range	Next-gen EVs, aerospace
Lithium Polymer (LiPo)	Flexible form factors, 300-500 cycles, lighter weight	Drones, wearable devices

3. Structural Composition

Typical battery pack architecture includes:

Mechanical Components: Prismatic/cylindrical/smart cells, protective housing, electrical connectors, thermal management materials
Internal Technology: Anode/cathode materials (graphite/NMC/LFP), electrolyte (liquid/gel/solid-state), separator films
Electronic Systems: Battery Management System (BMS) with voltage monitoring, cell balancing, temperature sensors, communication interfaces (CAN/SMBus)

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Significance
Energy Density (Wh/kg)	Determines runtime/weight ratio for portable devices
Charge Cycle Life	Defines longevity under repeated charge/discharge
Voltage Range (V)	Dictates device power requirements
Charge Rate (C-rate)	Impacts charging time and thermal performance
Operating Temperature (-20 C to 60 C)	Determines environmental suitability

5. Application Domains

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones (Samsung Galaxy S23: 4700mAh Li-ion), laptops (Apple MacBook Pro 16": 100Wh)
Transportation: Tesla Model Y (75kWh Li-ion pack), Toyota Prius Prime (8.8kWh NiMH)
Renewable Energy: Solar storage systems (Tesla Powerwall: 13.5kWh), grid-scale storage (BYD Container System: 576kWh)
Industrial: Forklifts (Crown Equipment: 48V Li-ion), medical devices (Philips defibrillators)

6. Leading Manufacturers & Products

Manufacturer	Product	Key Technology
Panasonic	NCR21700B (21700 Li-ion)	SiO-C anode, 3.6V, 5100mAh
Samsung SDI	ICR18650-30Q	NMC chemistry, 3000mAh
Contemporary Amperex (CATL)	NCM811 pouch cells	Energy density >240Wh/kg
LG Chem	LG18650HG2	3000mAh, 800 cycles
Tesla	4680 tabless battery	29400mAh, 92kWh pack capacity

7. Selection Guidelines

Match voltage/capacity requirements with application needs
Evaluate operating environment (temperature, vibration)
Verify safety certifications (UN38.3, IEC62133)
Assess charging infrastructure compatibility
Consider total ownership cost (cycle life vs initial price)
Check recyclability and regulatory compliance

8. Industry Trends

Key development directions include:

Transition to solid-state electrolytes for enhanced safety (Toyota's 2027 roadmap)
Si-based anodes for >400Wh/kg energy density (Tesla's 4680 evolution)
Ultra-fast charging (80% in 10 minutes) with new electrode materials
Recycling infrastructure expansion (EU Battery Passport initiative)
Smart integration with IoT for predictive maintenance