Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
LIFEO4-14430 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR14430 3.2V 400MAH	3652
UL1865-26-2P Dantona Industries, Inc.	2 IRC18650 3.7V 2.6AH PROTECTED	647
ULN2AAASL Dantona Industries, Inc.	NICAD AAA 2 PACK 1.2V 350MAH	2365
UL1865-34-2P Dantona Industries, Inc.	2 IRC18650 3.7V 3.4AH PROTECTED	891
UL14430SL-2P Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR14430 3.2V 400MAH	2115
LION-1865-34 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IRC18650-34 3.7V 3.4AH PROTECTED	0
L37A26-1-0-2WX Dantona Industries, Inc.	ICR18650 3.7V 2600MAH W/CONN	346
LIFEO4-18650 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR18650 3.2V 1200MAH	502
LIFEO4-14505 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR14500 3.2V 600MAH	545
UL18500SL-2P Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR18500 3.2V 1000MAH	3598
L37A26-1-0-3WA3 Dantona Industries, Inc.	ICR18650 3.7V 2600MAH W/CONN	450
ULN423AASL Dantona Industries, Inc.	NICAD 2/3AA 4 PACK 1.2V 400MAH	3118
UL1865-34-1P Dantona Industries, Inc.	1 IRC18650 3.7V 3.4AH PROTECTED	328
LIFEO4-18500 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR18500 3.2V 1000MAH	2509
UL14500SL-2P Dantona Industries, Inc.	IFR14500 3.2V 600MAH	2152
UL1865K-26 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IRC18650 COMBO CHARGER KIT	212
UL1865-26-1P Dantona Industries, Inc.	1 IRC18650 3.7V 2.6AH PROTECTED	1543
LION-1865-26 Dantona Industries, Inc.	IRC18650-26 3.7V 2.6AH PROTECTED	2332
ULNMH4AASL Dantona Industries, Inc.	NIMH AA 4 PACK 1.2V 1500MAH	2487
CUSTOM-51 Dantona Industries, Inc.	REPL. ELB1210N 1.2V 1200MAH	2631

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles