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Batteries Non-Rechargeable (Primary)

Image Part Number Description / PDF Quantity Rfq
A4203

A4203

Comet America

LITHIUM BATTERY 3,6V/AA

14

Batteries Non-Rechargeable (Primary)

1. Overview

Non-rechargeable batteries, also known as primary batteries, are electrochemical cells designed for single-use applications. They convert chemical energy into electrical energy through irreversible reactions. These batteries are critical in applications requiring reliable long-term power without recharging infrastructure, playing vital roles in consumer electronics, medical devices, and industrial systems.

2. Main Types & Functional Classification

TypeFunctional CharacteristicsApplication Examples
AlkalineHigh energy density, long shelf life (5-10 years), moderate costRemote controls, flashlights, toys
Zinc-CarbonLower energy density, short shelf life (2-3 years), low costLow-drain devices like radios
Lithium (Li-MnO )High voltage (3V), excellent energy density, 10-15 years shelf lifeDigital cameras, IoT devices, medical equipment
Silver OxideStable voltage output, compact size, 3-5 years shelf lifeWatches, calculators, hearing aids
MagnesiumHigh energy-to-weight ratio, military-grade reliabilityMissile systems, emergency equipment

3. Structure & Composition

Typical primary battery construction includes: - Cathode: Manganese dioxide (alkaline) or carbon zinc (zinc-carbon) - Anode: Zinc (alkaline) or lithium metal (lithium batteries) - Electrolyte: Potassium hydroxide (alkaline) or organic solvents (lithium) - Separator: Porous membrane preventing short circuits - Container: Steel or nickel-plated steel casing

4. Key Technical Specifications

ParameterTypical ValuesImportance
Nominal Voltage1.5V (alkaline), 3V (lithium)Determines device compatibility
Capacity1500-3000 mAh (AA)Runtime prediction
Energy Density150-250 Wh/kgSize/weight optimization
Self-Discharge Rate2-10% per yearStorage longevity
Operating Temperature-20 C to 60 CEnvironmental reliability
Leakage Resistance5-10 yearsDevice safety

5. Application Fields

  • Consumer Electronics: Smart meters, wireless sensors
  • Medical Devices: Pacemakers, glucose monitors
  • Industrial Equipment: Smoke detectors, remote sensors
  • Military/Aerospace: Munitions, satellite systems
  • Emergency Systems: Backup power supplies

6. Leading Manufacturers & Products

ManufacturerKey ProductsSpecialization
DuracellUltimate Lithium, QuantumMilitary-specification batteries
EnergizerLithium L91, MAXConsumer electronics focus
PanasonicCR123A, Alkaline LR6Industrial applications
MaxellLithium CR2032Miniature battery solutions
Renata (Switzerland)Silver Oxide cellsMedical device batteries

7. Selection Recommendations

  1. Match voltage requirements with device specifications
  2. Evaluate expected runtime vs. physical size constraints
  3. Consider operating temperature range (-30 C to 85 C extremes)
  4. Assess leakage risk for critical applications
  5. Compare cost per mAh for high-volume deployments
  6. Verify compliance with IEC 60086 standards

Industry Trends Analysis

Key development directions include: - Energy Density Improvement: Graphene-enhanced cathodes targeting 400 Wh/kg - Eco-friendly Materials: Mercury-free zinc-air batteries for hearing aids - Printed Batteries: Flexible primary cells for IoT sensors - Nano-structured Electrodes: 20% capacity increase in AA format - Standardization: Global adoption of IEC 60086-4 safety protocols - Smart Packaging: Integrated fuel gauges in battery casings

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