1. Overview

Ultrasonic receivers and transmitters are electroacoustic devices that convert electrical signals into ultrasonic waves (transmitters) and vice versa (receivers). Operating above 20 kHz, these devices leverage piezoelectric, capacitive, or magnetic principles to enable non-contact measurement, imaging, and communication. Their importance spans industries including medical diagnostics, industrial automation, automotive safety systems, and smart home devices.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

3. Structure and Components

Typical construction includes:

• Piezoelectric ceramic element (PZT or PVDF polymer)
• Protective housing with acoustic matching layer
• Electrical terminals with impedance matching circuitry
• Damping material to reduce ringing
• Environmental sealing (IP67-rated enclosures)

4. Key Technical Specifications

5. Application Fields

Major applications include:

• Medical: Diagnostic ultrasound systems, Doppler blood flow measurement
• Industrial: Non-destructive testing (NDT), fluid level monitoring
• Automotive: Park assist sensors, blind spot detection
• Consumer: Smart faucet sensors, robotic vacuum navigation

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

• Match frequency to application requirements (e.g., 40kHz for obstacle detection)
• Assess environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, vibration)
• Evaluate beam pattern requirements for coverage
• Verify electrical compatibility (impedance, voltage ratings)
• Consider package size and mounting options

8. Industry Trends

Future developments include:

• Micromachined piezoelectric elements for miniaturization
• Integration with AI for adaptive beamforming
• Multi-frequency transducers for combined imaging modes
• Increased adoption in autonomous vehicle LiDAR systems
• Energy-harvesting ultrasonic sensors