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Temperature Sensors - NTC Thermistors

Image Part Number Description / PDF Quantity Rfq
NCU18XH103E06RB

NCU18XH103E06RB

TOKO / Murata

THERMISTOR NTC 10KOHM 3380K 0603

0
NCP18XF101E03RB

NCP18XF101E03RB

TOKO / Murata

THERMISTOR NTC 100OHM 3250K 0603

0

Temperature Sensors - NTC Thermistors

1. Overview

NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors are temperature-sensitive resistors whose resistance decreases with increasing temperature. This semiconductor ceramic device utilizes metal oxide materials to achieve precise temperature measurement and control. As a fundamental component in thermal management systems, NTC thermistors play critical roles in modern electronics, automotive engineering, and industrial automation due to their high sensitivity ( : 2000-5000 K) and accuracy ( 0.1 C to 5 C).

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

TypeFunctional CharacteristicsApplication Examples
Bead ThermistorsSmall size ( 0.5-5mm), fast response (<50ms), glass-encapsulatedMedical probes, liquid temperature monitoring
Disk ThermistorsHigher power rating, epoxy-coated, axial leadsPower supply thermal protection, HVAC systems
Chip ThermistorsSMD packaging, low profile (0.6-3.2mm), RoHS compliantSmartphone thermal management, wearable devices
Glass-EncapsulatedHermetic seal, corrosion resistance, operating temp: -50 C to +300 CAutomotive battery monitoring, aerospace sensors

3. Structure and Composition

Typical NTC thermistor construction includes:

  • Semiconductive ceramic core (Mn-Ni-Co-Ox system)
  • Platinum alloy electrode layers (sintered or plated)
  • Protective epoxy/glass encapsulation (IP67 rated)
  • Lead wires (Cu/Ni alloy, 26-34 AWG)

Manufacturing process involves powder synthesis at 1500 C, isostatic pressing, and controlled atmosphere sintering to achieve desired R-T characteristics.

4. Key Technical Specifications

ParameterDescriptionSignificance
Rated Resistance (R25)Resistance at 25 C (100 -10M range)System compatibility, signal conditioning design
B-Value (K)Material constant (2000-5000K)Determines sensitivity across operating range
ToleranceResistance deviation ( 1% to 15%)Affects measurement accuracy
Operating Temp Range-100 C to +600 C (varies by type)Environmental suitability
Dissipation FactormW/ C (self-heating coefficient)Power consumption and stability considerations

5. Application Fields

Primary industries utilizing NTC thermistors:

  • Industrial: Process control ( 0.5 C accuracy), motor protection
  • Consumer Electronics: Battery management (Li-ion charging), smart thermostats
  • Medical: Patient monitoring (Class F accuracy), lab equipment
  • Automotive: Battery pack thermal monitoring (ISO 14001 compliance), ECU protection

Notable application example: Tesla Model S battery management system uses 48-channel NTC array for cell temperature monitoring ( 1 C accuracy).

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

ManufacturerKey ProductsTechnical Highlights
Murata ElectronicsNXFT SeriesAutomotive-grade (AEC-Q200), 0.5 C accuracy, -50 C to +150 C range
TE ConnectivityNTCLE SeriesMedical certification (IEC 60601), 3.2mm chip format
Vishay BeyschlagNTCAl SeriesAluminum housing, 50W power handling, IP68 rating

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations for NTC thermistor selection:

  1. Resistance-Temperature curve matching application requirements
  2. Environmental factors: humidity (IP rating), vibration (automotive shock specs)
  3. Electrical parameters: operating current (self-heating effects)
  4. Form factor constraints (SMD vs through-hole)
  5. Calibration requirements (standard vs customized R-T tables)

Recommend verifying long-term stability (aging rate <0.2%/year) and RoHS compliance for production applications.

8. Industry Trends

Emerging developments include:

  • Micro-NTC fabrication (MEMS-based, <0.1mm chips)
  • High-temperature stability improvements (up to 600 C operation)
  • Integration with wireless sensor networks (Zigbee/LoRa compatibility)
  • AI-enhanced linearization algorithms (reducing external circuit complexity)

Market growth projected at 8.2% CAGR through 2027 driven by EV battery management demands.

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