Motion Sensors - Accelerometers

Image	Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity	Rfq
	LIS331HH STMicroelectronics	ACCEL 6-24G I2C/SPI 16LGA	0
	LIS202DL STMicroelectronics	ACCEL 2.3-9.2G I2C/SPI 14LGA	0
	LIS331DLF STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-8G I2C/SPI 16LGA	0
	LIS244ALHTR STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-6G ANALOG 16LGA	0
	LIS331DLFTR STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-8G I2C/SPI 16LGA	0
	LIS332AX STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2G ANALOG 16LGA	0
	LIS2L06ALTR STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-6G ANALOG 8LGA	0
	LIS3LV02DQ-TR STMicroelectronics	ACCEL 2-6G I2C/SPI 28QFPN	0
	LIS302SG STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2G ANALOG 14LGA	0
	LIS35DE STMicroelectronics	ACCEL 2.3-9.2G I2C/SPI 14LGA	0
	LIS3DETR STMicroelectronics	ACCEL 2-16G I2C/SPI 16LGA	0
	LIS302DLH STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-8G I2C/SPI 14LGA	0
	LIS302ALBTR STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2G ANALOG 14LGA	0
	LIS352AR STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2G ANALOG 14LGA	0
	LIS3L02AQ STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-6G ANALOG 44QFN	0
	LIS202DLTR STMicroelectronics	ACCEL 2.3-9.2G I2C/SPI 14LGA	0
	LIS302SGTR STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2G ANALOG 14LGA	0
	LIS331DL STMicroelectronics	ACCEL 2.3-9.2G I2C/SPI 16LGA	0
	LIS344ALH STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-6G ANALOG 16LGA	0
	LIS3LV02DL STMicroelectronics	ACCELEROMETER 2-6G I2C/SPI 16LGA	0

Motion Sensors - Accelerometers

1. Overview

Accelerometers are motion sensors that measure acceleration forces (static or dynamic) along one or multiple axes. These devices convert mechanical motion into electrical signals, enabling quantitative analysis of vibration, tilt, shock, and dynamic movement. As core components in modern sensing systems, accelerometers play critical roles in consumer electronics, industrial automation, automotive safety systems, and aerospace navigation.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Capacitive MEMS	High sensitivity, low power consumption, digital output	Smartphones, wearable devices
Piezoelectric	Self-powered, excellent frequency response	Vibration analysis, impact detection
Piezoresistive	High shock tolerance, analog output	Automotive crash testing, industrial monitoring
Servo (Force-Balance)	Ultra-high precision, low noise	Inertial navigation, seismic monitoring
Optical MEMS	Immune to electromagnetic interference	High-precision scientific instruments

3. Structure and Components

Typical accelerometers consist of: - Seismic mass with specific inertial properties - Elastic suspension elements (springs or beams) - Displacement detection circuit (capacitive, piezoelectric, or resistive) - Temperature compensation circuitry - Signal conditioning electronics - Protective housing (metal/ceramic/polymer) Modern MEMS devices integrate microstructures on silicon substrates with digital interfaces (I2C/SPI).

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Measurement Range	2g to 500g	Determines application suitability
Resolution	0.1mg to 10mg	Impacts measurement precision
Frequency Response	DC to 10kHz	Affects dynamic signal capture
Nonlinearity	0.1% to 1% FS	Measurement accuracy indicator
Temperature Range	-40 C to +150 C	Environmental reliability
Power Consumption	5 A to 10mA	Battery life consideration

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones (screen rotation), gaming controllers
Automotive: Airbag deployment, electronic stability control (ESC)
Industrial: Predictive maintenance systems, vibration monitoring
Healthcare: Fall detection devices, rehabilitation equipment
Aerospace: Flight control systems, structural health monitoring
Case Study: iPhone's ADXL345 MEMS accelerometer enables step counting and orientation detection

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Analog Devices	ADXL345	3-axis, 13-bit resolution, I2C interface
STMicroelectronics	LSM6DSO	6-axis IMU, AI-enabled edge computing
Bosch Sensortec	BMI270	Low-power wearable sensor, 16Hz noise
TE Connectivity	KX134-1211	400g high-shock measurement
Honeywell	QA-750	Tactical-grade servo accelerometer

7. Selection Guidelines

Determine required measurement axes (1D/2D/3D)
Match range/sensitivity with application requirements
Assess environmental conditions (temperature, vibration)
Select appropriate output interface (analog/digital)
Evaluate power consumption constraints
Consider calibration requirements and long-term stability

8. Industry Trends

Key development directions include: - MEMS technology advancement towards atomic-scale sensitivity - Integration with gyroscopes and AI processing (smart sensors) - Wireless sensor network compatibility - Increased adoption in autonomous vehicles and IoT edge devices - Development of ultra-low-power wake-up accelerometers - Fiber optic accelerometer systems for aerospace applications - Enhanced shock survivability for industrial harsh environments