DC DC Converters

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
CPP4B36P Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	12V4.2A 18-72VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT	1
CPP20A48T Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	5V20A 36-75VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT T	6
CPC5C36N Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	15V5A 20-72VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS M	0
CPP8B48N Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	12V8.3A 36-75VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT	16
CPP10A36TM Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	5V10A 18-72VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT T	6
CPP8A18T Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	5V8A 9-36VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT TRI	5
CPC15A18P Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	5V15A 9-36VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS MN	2
CPC6B18T Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	12V6A 9-36VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS MN	0
CPC20F18N Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	3.3V20A 9-36VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS	1
CPC10C24N Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	15V10A 18-36VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS	1
CPP15F18 Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	3.3V15A 9-36VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT	8
CPC15A36 Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	5V15A 18-72VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT	1
CPP4B36T Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	12V4.2A 18-72VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT	1
CPC3D18T Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	24V3A 10-36VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS M	0
CPP7B24P Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	12V7A 18-36VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT P	1
CPC5C18P Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	15V5A 10-36VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS M	0
CPC5D48T Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	24V5A 36-75VIN 2.5X3.5 CHASSIS M	5
CPP8B48NM Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	12V8.3A 36-75VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT	8
CPP15F36N Semiconductor Circuits, Inc.	3.3V15A 18-72VIN 2X2 CHASSIS MNT	8

DC DC Converters

1. Overview

DC-DC converters are electronic circuits or devices that convert direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. They are critical components in power management systems, enabling efficient energy transfer for diverse applications. External converters are standalone modules integrated into systems via cables or connectors, while internal converters are embedded directly onto printed circuit boards (PCBs). These converters are essential in modern technology for optimizing power efficiency, reducing energy waste, and ensuring compatibility between devices and power sources.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Isolated DC-DC Converters	Provide galvanic isolation between input and output using transformers. High safety and noise immunity.	Medical equipment, industrial automation systems
Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters	Direct input-output connection. Compact and cost-effective.	Consumer electronics, low-voltage DC motor drives
Regulated DC-DC Converters	Maintain stable output voltage despite input fluctuations.	Telecom infrastructure, precision measurement instruments
Unregulated DC-DC Converters	Output voltage varies with load/input conditions.	Simple LED drivers, basic battery charging circuits
Module-Based Converters	Standardized footprints for easy integration.	IoT devices, automotive ECUs
Custom DC-DC Converters	Tailored specifications for specialized applications.	Aerospace power systems, high-power laser drivers

3. Structure and Components

Typical DC-DC converters consist of:

Input/Output Terminals: Copper contacts for electrical connections
Power Semiconductors: MOSFETs/IGBTs for switching operations
Energy Storage Elements: Inductors (magnetic energy storage), Capacitors (voltage stabilization)
Control Circuitry: PWM controllers, feedback loops for voltage regulation
Thermal Management: Aluminum heat sinks, thermal vias on PCBs
Protective Features: Overcurrent/overvoltage protection circuits

External converters often include robust enclosures (plastic/metal) with standard connectors (USB-C, barrel jacks), while internal variants use surface-mount packaging (SIP/DIP modules).

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Input Voltage Range	Operable voltage limits (e.g., 9-36V)	Determines compatibility with power sources
Output Voltage Accuracy	Voltage deviation tolerance ( 2%)	Ensures stable operation of downstream electronics
Efficiency	Energy conversion ratio (e.g., 94%)	Impacts thermal performance and battery life
Isolation Voltage	Maximum voltage withstand capability (e.g., 3kV)	Critical for safety in medical/high-voltage applications
Switching Frequency	Operating frequency (50kHz-5MHz)	Affects component size and EMI characteristics
Ripple & Noise	Output voltage fluctuation (mV_pp)	Key for sensitive analog/digital circuits
Operating Temperature	Functional temperature range (-40 C to +85 C)	Determines deployment environment suitability

5. Application Fields

Telecommunications: 5G base stations, fiber optic transceivers
Industrial: PLCs, CNC machine controllers
Consumer Electronics: Laptop power adapters, smartphone battery management
Medical: MRI scanners, portable diagnostic devices
Automotive: EV battery management, ADAS systems
Aerospace: Satellite power systems, avionics

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Specifications
Texas Instruments	LM5118	Synchronous buck-boost controller, 65V input, 10A output
Murata Power Solutions	OKR-T/10-W	Isolated 10W converter, 4:1 input range, 1500V isolation
Vicor Corporation	PRM48AF010T	48V input, 1000W output, 98% efficiency
Mean Well	IRM-10U	10W AC-DC converter with DC-DC isolation
Delta Electronics	TDEM6005	600W telecom converter, 48V to 12V conversion

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations for DC-DC converter selection:

Electrical Requirements: Match input/output voltage/current specifications with system needs
Efficiency vs. Size: High-efficiency models reduce cooling requirements but may increase cost
Isolation Needs: Mandatory for patient-connected medical devices and high-voltage systems
Environmental Conditions: Temperature, humidity, and vibration resistance requirements
Form Factor: Through-hole vs. surface-mount for PCB integration
Compliance Standards: UL/cUL, CE, IEC 60601 (medical), AEC-Q (automotive)
Cost vs. Reliability: Industrial-grade components offer longer lifespans but higher upfront costs

8. Industry Trends

High-Density Integration: Development of GaN/SiC-based converters achieving >200W/in power density
Digital Control: Increasing adoption of PMBus-compatible converters with real-time telemetry
Wide Bandgap Semiconductors: 650V+ GaN devices enabling 1MHz+ switching frequencies
Modular Architectures: Standardized quarter-brick/half-brick form factors for scalable designs
Smart Grid Compatibility: Bidirectional converters for renewable energy storage systems
Automotive Electrification: 48V-to-12V converters for mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEVs)

Market forecasts indicate a CAGR of 12.3% from 2023-2030, driven by demand in EVs, 5G infrastructure, and IoT edge devices.