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AC DC Converters

Image Part Number Description / PDF Quantity Rfq
MAD65US7P5D

MAD65US7P5D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:7.5

0
MSD65US09B

MSD65US09B

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:9

0
MAD40US151D

MAD40US151D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:15

0
MSD40US05B

MSD40US05B

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:5

0
MAD40UT63M3D

MAD40UT63M3D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:+12/+5/-5

0
MAD40UT93M6D

MAD40UT93M6D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:+24/+5/-12

0
MAD65UT326D

MAD65UT326D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:+5/+3.3/+12

0
MAD40US24D

MAD40US24D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:24

5
MAD30US121B

MAD30US121B

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 30W/ VOUT:12

0
MAD65UT63M6D

MAD65UT63M6D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:+12/+5/-12

0
MAD65US12D

MAD65US12D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:12

5
MAD40UD32D

MAD40UD32D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:+5/+3.3

0
MSD65US151B

MSD65US151B

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:15

0
MSC15US05B

MSC15US05B

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 15W/ VOUT:5

0
MAD40US36D

MAD40US36D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:36

0
MAD30US28B

MAD30US28B

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 30W/ VOUT:28

0
MAD30US12B

MAD30US12B

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 30W/ VOUT:12

5
MAD65US36D

MAD65US36D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:36

0
MAD65US09D

MAD65US09D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 65W/ VOUT:9

0
MAD40US121D

MAD40US121D

P-Duke Technology, Inc.

ISOLATED / 40W/ VOUT:12

0

AC DC Converters

1. Overview

AC-DC converters are electronic devices that convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). They are critical components in power supply systems for modern electronics, enabling equipment to operate safely and efficiently. External/internal (off-board) converters are designed for integration into systems or as standalone units, serving diverse applications from consumer electronics to industrial machinery. Their importance lies in ensuring stable power delivery, voltage regulation, and compliance with global energy standards.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type Functional Features Application Examples
External AC Adapters Plug-in power supplies with universal input (90-264V AC), isolated output, and over-current protection Laptop chargers, LED monitors, medical devices
Internal Board-Mounted Converters Compact designs with high power density, designed for PCB integration with minimal external components Servers, telecommunications equipment, test instruments
Open-Frame Converters Exposed PCB design for optimal thermal management, requiring external enclosure Industrial automation systems, power distribution units
Rack-Mount Converters Modular units with standardized dimensions for data center scalability Telecom infrastructure, cloud computing servers

3. Structure and Components

Typical physical structure includes:

  • Enclosure: Metal/plastic housing with ventilation slots
  • Primary Circuit: Input filter, rectifier bridge, and PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit
  • Transformer: Galvanic isolation with primary/secondary windings
  • Secondary Circuit: Output rectifier, LC filter, and voltage regulator
  • Control IC: PWM controller for output stability and feedback loop
  • Protection Circuits: OVP (Over Voltage), OCP (Over Current), OTP (Over Temperature)

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter Description
Input Voltage Range 90-264V AC (global standard), with 47-63Hz frequency tolerance
Output Voltage Accuracy 1% to 5% regulation under varying load conditions
Efficiency 85-96% (80 PLUS certification levels: Bronze to Titanium)
Power Factor (PF) 0.90-0.99 (active PFC required for >75W devices)
Isolation Voltage 1500-4000V AC (safety barrier between input/output)
Operating Temperature -40 C to +70 C (industrial grade), with derating above 50 C
Safety Certifications UL/CSA 62368-1, EN 60335, IEC 60950-1

5. Application Fields

  • Consumer Electronics: Smartphone chargers, gaming consoles
  • Industrial Automation: PLCs, CNC machines, IoT gateways
  • Telecommunications: 5G base stations, optical network units
  • Medical Equipment: Patient monitors, imaging systems (2xMOPP isolation)
  • Data Centers: Server power supplies, storage arrays

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer Representative Product Key Features
Delta Electronics PAD-150G 150W external adapter, 94% efficiency, medical safety certification
TDK-Lambda ZUBD1000 1kW digital power supply with PMBus interface
Mean Well RS-35-5 35W industrial open-frame converter, 4kV isolation
CUI Inc PSK-50-24 50W PCB-mount power supply with 3:1 input range

7. Selection Recommendations

  • Determine required output power with 20% safety margin
  • Select appropriate form factor (external/internal) based on system integration needs
  • Verify compliance with target market safety standards
  • Assess thermal management requirements (convection vs forced-air cooling)
  • Consider digital control features for smart power management
  • Evaluate MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) for critical applications

Industry Development Trends

Current trends include:

  • Increased efficiency targets (>96%) driven by Energy Star regulations
  • GaN/SiC transistor adoption for higher switching frequencies and density
  • Smart power systems with IoT connectivity and predictive maintenance
  • Wide input voltage ranges (85-305V AC) for global deployment
  • Reduced form factors through planar magnetics and 3D packaging
  • Environmental compliance (RoHS, REACH) driving lead-free and recyclable designs
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