AC DC Converters

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
D1U86G-W-460-12-HB3DC Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 460W	0
D1U2-W-400-12-HA4C Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 400W	0
MVAC400-12AFR Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 250W	0
D1U54P-W-1200-12-HA4PC Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 1200W	14
PQC250-12D Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC 250W OPENFARME 12V, DROOP	2
D1U54P-W-1500-12-HA4TC Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 1500W	0
D1U3CS-W-1300F-12-HC4EC Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 1300W	0
MVAC400-24AFD Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 24V 12V 5V 250W	0
PQU650-28 Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC 650W OPENFRAME (4X6), 28V,	62
D1U86G-W-460-12-HB4DC Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 460W	0
MVAC400-12AFD Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 2X12V 5V 250W	144
PQC250-36 Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC 250W OPEN FRAME 36V	68
D1U-W-2000-48-HB4C Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 48V 12V 2000W	0
MVAC250-48F Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 50V 12V 170W	0
PQC250-54 Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC 250W OPEN FRAME 54V	108
MVAC250-24AFT Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 24V 170W	0
D1U4CS-W-2200-12-HA4C Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 5V 830W	0
D1U54P-W-450-12-HA4C Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC CONVERTER 12V 450W	30
D1U4CS-W-2200-12-HC3C Murata Power Solutions	POWER SUP 2200W AC/DC 12V 3.3V	0
PQC250-54D Murata Power Solutions	AC/DC 250W OPENFARME 54V, DROOP	20

AC DC Converters

1. Overview

AC-DC converters are electronic devices that convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). They are critical components in power supply systems for modern electronics, enabling equipment to operate safely and efficiently. External/internal (off-board) converters are designed for integration into systems or as standalone units, serving diverse applications from consumer electronics to industrial machinery. Their importance lies in ensuring stable power delivery, voltage regulation, and compliance with global energy standards.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
External AC Adapters	Plug-in power supplies with universal input (90-264V AC), isolated output, and over-current protection	Laptop chargers, LED monitors, medical devices
Internal Board-Mounted Converters	Compact designs with high power density, designed for PCB integration with minimal external components	Servers, telecommunications equipment, test instruments
Open-Frame Converters	Exposed PCB design for optimal thermal management, requiring external enclosure	Industrial automation systems, power distribution units
Rack-Mount Converters	Modular units with standardized dimensions for data center scalability	Telecom infrastructure, cloud computing servers

3. Structure and Components

Typical physical structure includes:

Enclosure: Metal/plastic housing with ventilation slots
Primary Circuit: Input filter, rectifier bridge, and PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit
Transformer: Galvanic isolation with primary/secondary windings
Secondary Circuit: Output rectifier, LC filter, and voltage regulator
Control IC: PWM controller for output stability and feedback loop
Protection Circuits: OVP (Over Voltage), OCP (Over Current), OTP (Over Temperature)

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description
Input Voltage Range	90-264V AC (global standard), with 47-63Hz frequency tolerance
Output Voltage Accuracy	1% to 5% regulation under varying load conditions
Efficiency	85-96% (80 PLUS certification levels: Bronze to Titanium)
Power Factor (PF)	0.90-0.99 (active PFC required for >75W devices)
Isolation Voltage	1500-4000V AC (safety barrier between input/output)
Operating Temperature	-40 C to +70 C (industrial grade), with derating above 50 C
Safety Certifications	UL/CSA 62368-1, EN 60335, IEC 60950-1

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphone chargers, gaming consoles
Industrial Automation: PLCs, CNC machines, IoT gateways
Telecommunications: 5G base stations, optical network units
Medical Equipment: Patient monitors, imaging systems (2xMOPP isolation)
Data Centers: Server power supplies, storage arrays

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Delta Electronics	PAD-150G	150W external adapter, 94% efficiency, medical safety certification
TDK-Lambda	ZUBD1000	1kW digital power supply with PMBus interface
Mean Well	RS-35-5	35W industrial open-frame converter, 4kV isolation
CUI Inc	PSK-50-24	50W PCB-mount power supply with 3:1 input range

7. Selection Recommendations

Determine required output power with 20% safety margin
Select appropriate form factor (external/internal) based on system integration needs
Verify compliance with target market safety standards
Assess thermal management requirements (convection vs forced-air cooling)
Consider digital control features for smart power management
Evaluate MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) for critical applications

Industry Development Trends

Current trends include:

Increased efficiency targets (>96%) driven by Energy Star regulations
GaN/SiC transistor adoption for higher switching frequencies and density
Smart power systems with IoT connectivity and predictive maintenance
Wide input voltage ranges (85-305V AC) for global deployment
Reduced form factors through planar magnetics and 3D packaging
Environmental compliance (RoHS, REACH) driving lead-free and recyclable designs