1. Overview

AC-DC configurable power supply modules are electronic devices that convert alternating current (AC) from mains to regulated direct current (DC) outputs. They support adjustable voltage/current settings and are available in external (desktop/wall-mount) or internal (board-mounted) configurations. These modules are critical for powering modern electronics, enabling flexible power management in industrial, medical, and communication systems.

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

Type	Features	Applications
Fixed Output Modules	Pre-set DC output voltages (e.g., 5V, 12V)	Digital signage, IoT devices
Adjustable Output Modules	Voltage/current tunable via potentiometer or digital interface	Test equipment, automation systems
Multi-Channel Modules	Multiple isolated DC outputs	Industrial controllers, robotics
High-Density Modules	Compact size with high power-to-volume ratio	Telecom servers, 5G infrastructure
Wide Input Range Modules	Accept 85-264V AC universal input	Global medical devices, aerospace systems

3. Structure and Components

Typical construction includes:

• Metal/plastic enclosure with EMI shielding
• Primary side: AC input filter, bridge rectifier, PFC circuit
• Transformer with primary/secondary isolation
• Secondary side: DC-DC converter, output filter capacitors
• Control circuitry: PWM controller, feedback optocoupler
• Protection features: OVP, OCP, OTP, SCP

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Importance	Typical Values
Input Voltage Range	Determines global compatibility	85-132V / 170-264V AC
Output Power	Defines load capacity	10-1500W
Efficiency	Energy conversion ratio	85-95%
Output Ripple	Affects signal integrity	<10mVpp
Isolation Voltage	Safety and noise immunity	1.5-4kV DC
MTBF	Reliability indicator	100,000-500,000 hours

5. Application Areas

Key industries and equipment:

• Industrial automation: PLCs, CNC machines
• Medical devices: MRI scanners, patient monitors
• Telecommunications: Base stations, optical networking equipment
• Test & Measurement: Programmable power supplies for R&D
• Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, energy storage systems

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Products	Key Features
TDK-Lambda	HWS1500AP	1500W, 94% efficiency, PMBus interface
Delta Electronics	DPS-200AB	200W configurable outputs, 5-year warranty
Mean Well	LRS-350-24	350W, fanless cooling, IP67 rating
Cincon	CFM200T-48	200W telecom module, -40 C to +85 C

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

• Match output requirements (voltage, current, power)
• Environmental factors: Operating temperature, humidity
• Compliance: Safety certifications (UL/CE/IEC), EMC standards
• Form factor: Size constraints and cooling method
• Digital control: PMBus/Modbus interface requirements

Case Study: A semiconductor testing system selected TDK-Lambda's HWS400P-24 (400W, 1% accuracy) for its low noise and remote monitoring capability.

8. Industry Trends

Emerging developments:

• Increased efficiency (>96%) using GaN/SiC semiconductors
• Miniaturization through 3D packaging technology
• Smart power modules with IoT integration
• Higher safety standards for EV charging infrastructure
• Energy recovery functions for test equipment