1. Overview

LED lighting technologies, including Chip-on-Board (COB), LED Engines, Modules, and Strips, represent advanced solid-state lighting solutions. These components integrate semiconductor diodes to convert electrical energy into light, offering superior energy efficiency, longevity, and design flexibility compared to traditional lighting. Their importance spans industries such as architecture, automotive, consumer electronics, and industrial automation, driven by demands for sustainable and smart lighting systems.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

3. Structure and Components

Typical structures include:

• COBs: Ceramic/aluminum substrate + multiple LED chips + phosphor coating + silicone encapsulation.
• Engines: LED chip(s) + constant-current driver IC + primary optics + thermal interface material.
• Modules: PCB board + SMD LEDs + secondary optics + connector terminals.
• Strips: Flexible FPCB + RGB/W LED diodes + current-limiting resistors + adhesive backing.

All variants utilize semiconductor materials like GaN-on-SiC for blue/white emission or AlInGaP for red/yellow wavelengths.

4. Key Technical Specifications

5. Application Fields

• Architecture: Office lighting (Modules), hotel accenting (Strips), museum displays (COBs)
• Automotive: Headlights (COBs), interior mood lighting (Strips), dashboard indicators (Modules)
• Consumer Electronics: Smart bulb replacements (Engines), gaming PC lighting (Strips)
• Industrial: Machine vision systems (COBs), warehouse safety lighting (Modules)

6. Leading Manufacturers

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

• Match L70 lifespan to maintenance schedules (e.g., 50,000+ hours for hard-to-reach installations)
• Select CRI 90 for critical color applications vs. CRI 80 for general lighting
• Verify IP rating compatibility (IP20 for indoor vs. IP67 for outdoor Strips)
• Evaluate thermal management needs - COBs require heatsinks, Strips need ventilation
• Check dimming compatibility (PWM vs. constant current reduction)

Case Study: Retail store lighting selected 4000K COBs with 95 CRI for product displays, achieving 40% energy savings over halogen systems while improving color accuracy.

8. Industry Trends

Emerging developments include:

• Micro-LED integration for sub-100 m pixel densities in displays
• HDR lighting systems using tunable white Modules
• LiFi-enabled Engines for data transmission through light
• UV-C disinfection modules for healthcare applications
• Recyclable phosphor materials to meet EU RoHS standards

Market growth is projected at 12.3% CAGR (2023-2030), driven by smart city initiatives and automotive LED adoption.