1. Overview

Optoelectronics display modules are electro-optical devices that convert digital signals into visual information. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), and Graphic modules represent three core technologies in modern display systems. These modules enable human-machine interaction in applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial automation, with advancements driving thinner form factors, lower power consumption, and higher visual fidelity.

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

3. Structure and Components

LCD: Composed of backlight unit (LED/CCFL), liquid crystal layer, color filters, and TFT (Thin-Film Transistor) array. Polarizing films on both sides control light transmission.

OLED: Contains anode/cathode layers with organic emissive materials (small molecules or polymers) sandwiched between. Utilizes encapsulation layers to prevent moisture damage.

Graphic Modules: Simplified structure with segmented electrodes and passive matrix addressing, often using monochrome STN (Super-Twisted Nematic) technology.

4. Key Technical Specifications

5. Application Areas

• Consumer Electronics: Smartphones (OLED), tablets (LCD)
• Medical Equipment: Diagnostic monitors (LCD), portable devices (Graphic)
• Automotive: Instrument clusters (OLED), infotainment systems (LCD)
• Industrial HMI: Control panels (Graphic), automation systems (LCD)
• AR/VR: High-speed OLED microdisplays

6. Leading Manufacturers & Products

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors for optimal selection:

• Application Scenario: Outdoor use requires high brightness ( 1000 cd/m )
• Power Budget: OLED consumes 30% less power than equivalent LCD in dark content
• Environmental Conditions: Industrial-grade (-30 C to +85 C) for automotive systems
• Cost Constraints: Graphic modules cost 40-60% less than color TFT LCDs
• Integration Complexity: OLED requires built-in compensation circuits for aging effects

Case Study: A smartwatch design selected 1.4" AMOLED module for its 1000:1 contrast ratio and 0.1mm ultra-thin profile despite higher cost.

8. Industry Trends

Key development directions include:

• Micro-LED adoption for >3000 cd/m brightness and sub-10 m pixel pitch
• Rollable OLED with improved encapsulation technology
• AI-driven display compensation algorithms for uniformity enhancement
• Low-temperature polycrystalline oxide (LTPO) backplanes for dynamic refresh rates
• Biodegradable substrate materials for eco-friendly modules