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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 2% 8SOP |
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IC VREF SHUNT 2% E-LINE |
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IC VREF SHUNT 3% TO92-3 |
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IC VREF SHUNT 2% TO92-3 |
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IC VREF SHUNT 2% E-LINE |
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IC VREF SHUNT 3% TO92 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT ADJ TO92 |
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IC VREF SHUNT 1% TO92-3 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 0.5% E-LINE |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 36V 0.4% TO92 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 3% E-LINE |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 20V 2% TO92-3 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 20V 1% SOT23 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 3% SOT23 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 3% TO92 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 2% E-LINE |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT ADJ TO92 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 36V 1% SOT25 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 1% SOT23 |
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Zetex Semiconductors (Diodes Inc.) |
IC VREF SHUNT 3% SOT23 |
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Voltage references are precision analog circuits that generate stable and accurate DC voltage levels. As critical components in Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMICs), they serve as calibration standards for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), and power monitoring systems. Their stability against temperature variations, process shifts, and supply voltage fluctuations ensures measurement accuracy and system reliability in modern electronics.
| Type | Functional Features | Application Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Bandgap Reference | Temperature-compensated design using bipolar transistor characteristics | General-purpose ADC/DAC calibration |
| Zener Reference | High-voltage stability through reverse breakdown characteristics | Industrial power supplies, test equipment |
| LDO Voltage Reference | Low dropout voltage with high PSRR performance | Battery-powered devices, portable instruments |
| High-Precision Reference | Sub-0.1% initial accuracy with ppm-level temperature drift | Medical imaging systems, precision sensors |
| Programmable Reference | Digital control of output voltage via I2C/SPI interfaces | Adaptive power systems, FPGA voltage scaling |
Typical voltage reference architecture includes: - Primary reference source (bandgap or Zener diode) - Operational amplifier for voltage buffering - Temperature compensation circuitry - Output driver stage - Protective elements (ESD protection, current limiting) Fabricated using CMOS/BiCMOS processes, housed in SC70, SOT23, or TSSOP packages with 3-8 pins. Advanced designs integrate digital calibration registers and thermal shutdown functions.
| Parameter | Description | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Accuracy | Voltage deviation at 25 C ( 0.02% to 1%) | Determines system calibration baseline |
| Temperature Coefficient | Drift rate over temperature range (1-100ppm/ C) | Affects measurement stability |
| Output Noise | RMS noise voltage in 0.1-10Hz band (5 V to 100 V) | Impacts ADC/DAC resolution |
| Load Regulation | Voltage change with load current (0.01%/mA) | Ensures stability under dynamic loads |
| Line Regulation | Voltage change with supply voltage (0.05%/V) | Maintains accuracy with supply variations |
| Manufacturer | Product Series | Key Features |
|---|---|---|
| TI | LM4040/LM4050 | 0.1% accuracy, 50ppm/ C tempco, 50mA output |
| Analog Devices | ADR45xx | 0.02% initial accuracy, 3ppm/ C drift |
| Maxim Integrated | MAX6126 | Series voltage reference with enable pin |
| STMicroelectronics | LN3480 | Low-power consumption (380nA IQ) |
| ON Semiconductor | NCP100 | Cost-effective solution for 12-bit ADCs |
Key selection criteria: - Required accuracy class (0.02% vs 1%) - Operating temperature range (-55 C to +125 C) - Power supply constraints (voltage headroom, quiescent current) - Package size and thermal dissipation capability - Long-term stability requirements (aging effects) - Cost vs performance trade-offs (e.g., programmable vs fixed) Example: For a 16-bit industrial ADC system, select a reference with <5ppm/ C tempco and <1 Vpp noise.