PMIC - AC DC Converters, Offline Switchers

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
L6566BH STMicroelectronics	IC CTLR PWM MULTIMODE SMPS 16SOI	220
VIPER25LD STMicroelectronics	IC OFFLINE CONV PWM OVP 16-SOIC	1982
ALTAIR05T-800TR STMicroelectronics	IC PRIMARY SWITCHING REG 16SOIC	7
ALTAIR05T-800 STMicroelectronics	IC PRIMARY SWITCHING REG 16SOIC	0
VIPER265KDTR STMicroelectronics	1050 V HIGH VOLTAGE CONVERTER	346
L5991D STMicroelectronics	IC REG CTRLR BST FLYBK ISO SO16	1059
VIPER012XS STMicroelectronics	IC OFFLINE CONV PWM 10SSOP	0
VIPER113LSTR STMicroelectronics	ENERGY SAVING OFF-LINE HIGH VOLT	980
VIPER37LE STMicroelectronics	IC OFF-LINE CONVERTER 10SDIP	658
L6566B STMicroelectronics	IC CTRLR OVP OTP UVLO HV 16SOIC	0
L6566ATR STMicroelectronics	IC CTRLR OVP UVLO 16SOIC	10012500
STCH03L STMicroelectronics	OFFLINE PWM CONTROLLER FOR LOW S	0
VIPER0PLD STMicroelectronics	IC OFF-LINE CONVERTER 16SOIC	0
VIPER012XSTR STMicroelectronics	IC OFFLINE CONV PWM 10SSOP	4958
VIPER06XS STMicroelectronics	IC OFFLINE SWITCH PWM 10-SSOP	5
VIPER28LD STMicroelectronics	IC OFFLINE CONV PWM 800V 16SOIC	0
VIPER0PHDTR STMicroelectronics	IC OFF-LINE CONVERTER 16SOIC	0
STCH03TR STMicroelectronics	OFFLINE PWM CONTROLLER FOR LOW S	5000
VIPER25LN STMicroelectronics	IC OFFLINE CONV PWM OVP 7DIP	0
VN1160C-E STMicroelectronics	IC OFF-LINE CONVERTER 60V DPAK	0

PMIC - AC DC Converters, Offline Switchers

1. Overview

AC-DC converters and offline switchers are critical subcategories of Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMICs) that convert alternating current (AC) from mains power to direct current (DC) for electronic devices. Offline switchers directly regulate input voltage without requiring a line-frequency transformer, enabling compact and efficient designs. These components are essential in modern electronics for ensuring stable power delivery, energy efficiency, and compliance with global standards like Energy Star and CoC Tier-2.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Flyback Controllers	Isolated topology with energy storage in transformer; suitable for low-to-medium power	Mobile chargers, adapter supplies
Forward Controllers	Higher efficiency for medium-to-high power; requires reset circuitry	Industrial power supplies, telecom rectifiers
Resonant Controllers	ZVS/ZCS techniques for minimal switching losses; high-frequency operation	High-end server PSUs, wireless charging
PFC-Precursors	Boosts power factor to meet regulatory limits; often paired with main converters	Appliances, LED drivers

3. Structure and Components

Typical physical structure includes:

Package Types: DIP, SOP, QFN, or custom power packages
Internal Components:
- Power MOSFET/BJT switches
- PWM/PFM controllers
- Voltage/current feedback circuits
- Protection modules (OVP, OCP, OTP)
- High-voltage startup circuits

Technical composition integrates primary-side regulation (PSR) or secondary-side feedback with optocouplers, often supporting synchronous rectification for efficiency optimization.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Input Voltage Range	85-265V AC or 120-400V DC	Global compatibility and surge tolerance
Output Power	1W-500W depending on topology	Determines application scope
Switching Frequency	20kHz-2MHz	Affects EMI, transformer size, and efficiency
Efficiency	85%-96% (varies with load)	Thermal performance and energy costs
Protection Features	Overvoltage, overcurrent, thermal shutdown	System reliability and safety compliance

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Phone chargers, notebook adapters, smart home devices
Industrial: Automation equipment, PLCs, test instruments
Medical: Isolated power supplies for diagnostic equipment
Telecom: 48V rectifiers, base station power systems
Automotive: On-board chargers, vehicle AC-DC systems

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Texas Instruments	UCC28780	High-frequency resonant controller with GaN support
STMicroelectronics	L6565	Current-mode flyback controller for adapters
Infineon	ICE3BR1765	Integrated CoolSET for SMPS
ON Semiconductor	NCP1342	Quasi-resonant flyback controller
Monolithic Power Systems	MP44010	Primary-side regulated controller

7. Selection Guidelines

Define input/output requirements (voltage, current, power)
Choose topology based on isolation needs and efficiency targets
Evaluate protection features for mission-critical applications
Consider package thermal performance (e.g., exposed pads)
Verify compliance with standards (UL, CE, FCC)
Balance cost vs. integration level (e.g., controller vs. digital PMIC)

Case Study: For a 65W USB-C laptop adapter, select a high-frequency resonant controller with synchronous rectification to achieve >92% efficiency and compact form factor.

8. Industry Trends

Integration: Combining PFC + LLC stages into single chips
Wide Bandgap: SiC/GaN FETs enabling >1MHz switching
Digital Control: Programmable PMICs with real-time optimization
Green Standards: Meeting EU CoC Tier-2 no-load <10mW requirements
AEC-Q Compliance: Growth in automotive-grade offline converters