Logic - Flip Flops

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
CD74AC74M96 Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE DUAL 1BIT 14SOIC	2880
SN74AUC2G79YZPR Texas Instruments	SN74AUC2G79 DUAL POSITIVE-EDGE-T	150000
SNJ54F109W Texas Instruments	54F109 DUAL J-K POSITIVE-EDGE-TR	0
SN74HCT374PW Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 8BIT 20TSSOP	610
5962-87807012A Texas Instruments	SN54HC377 OCTAL, HEX, AND QUAD D	18
SN74ABT374ADWR Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 8BIT 20SOIC	1837
CLVC1G175MDCKREPG4 Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 1BIT SC70-6	0
SN74ALVTH32374KR Texas Instruments	BUS DRIVER, ALVT SERIES, 4-FUNC,	5150
SN74AS109AD Texas Instruments	SN74AS109A DUAL J-K POSITIVE-EDG	43297
SN74LVC1G79QDCKRQ1 Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 1BIT SC70-5	5585
SN74ABT273DWR Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 8BIT 20SOIC	1396
CY74FCT374TQCT Texas Instruments	CY74FCT374T OCTAL D-TYPE REGISTE	41925
SN74AS374DWR Texas Instruments	BUS DRIVER	8000
SN74LS112AN3 Texas Instruments	J-K FLIP-FLOP	914
SN74ABT16823DLR Texas Instruments	SN74ABT16823 18-BIT BUS INTERFAC	7000
SN74HCT74DT Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE DUAL 1BIT 14SOIC	970
SN74ABT574ANG4 Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 8BIT 20DIP	0
SN74LVC112ANS Texas Instruments	IC JK TYPE NEG TRG DUAL 16SO	21150
SN74ALVCH374N Texas Instruments	BUS DRIVER	5420
CD74HCT273M96 Texas Instruments	CD74HCT273 HIGH SPEED CMOS LOGIC	11687

Logic - Flip Flops

1. Overview

Flip flops are fundamental building blocks in digital electronics, serving as bistable multivibrators capable of storing one bit of data. They form the basis of sequential logic circuits, enabling data storage, synchronization, and state control. Their ability to maintain stable states until triggered by clock signals makes them critical in memory units, counters, and register files. Modern computing, telecommunications, and automation systems rely heavily on flip flops for reliable data management and timing control.

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
SR Flip Flop	Set-Reset operation with undefined state when both inputs activate	Basic memory elements, control circuits
D Flip Flop	Data storage with single data input synchronized by clock edge	Registers, shift registers, data buffers
JK Flip Flop	Universal type eliminating invalid states through feedback	Counters, frequency dividers, state machines
T Flip Flop	Toggle state with each clock pulse when input active	Binary counters, clock division circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Flip flops are typically constructed using transistor-transistor logic (TTL) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. A standard CMOS D flip flop contains 8-12 transistors arranged in master-slave configuration with transmission gates. Key components include:

Clock signal input for synchronization
Data input/output terminals
Feedback paths for state retention
Level-sensitive or edge-triggered control circuitry

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Typical Range	Importance
Clock Frequency	DC to 10GHz (varies by technology)	Determines maximum operating speed
Propagation Delay	1-10ns (CMOS), 3-20ns (TTL)	Impacts circuit timing margins
Power Consumption	1mW-100mW per flip flop	Critical for battery-powered devices
Setup/Hold Time	0.1-2ns	Essential for reliable data capture
Output Drive Strength	2mA-24mA	Affects fan-out capability

5. Application Domains

Telecommunications: Synchronization circuits in 5G base stations, optical transceivers
Computing: CPU register files, cache memory controllers
Industrial Control: Programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensor interfaces
Consumer Electronics: Timing circuits in smartphones, wearable devices
Automotive: CAN bus controllers, ADAS synchronization modules

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Products	Key Features
Texas Instruments	SN74LVC1G80	Single D flip flop with 14ns delay, 2GHz clock rate
STMicroelectronics	STM74HC74ADG	Dual D flip flop with 8mA drive, 125MHz operation
NXP Semiconductors	74AUP1G175GF	Low-power quad D flip flop, 0.9V-3.6V operation
Intel	IOP333B00ES	High-speed differential flip flops for FPGA interfaces

7. Selection Guidelines

Key selection criteria include:

Speed requirements vs. power budget trade-offs
Compatibility with existing logic families (TTL/CMOS)
Package type (QFP, BGA, WLCSP) for PCB constraints
Environmental specifications (temperature range, radiation hardness)
Integration level (discrete vs. embedded in FPGAs/ASICs)

Example: For high-speed networking equipment, select flip flops with <1ns jitter and LVDS compatibility.

8. Industry Trends

Current development trends include:

Migration to FinFET and GAAFET transistor structures for sub-5nm nodes
Integration with on-die clocking networks in 3D-stacked ICs
Emergence of spin-transfer torque flip flops for non-volatile memory
Adoption of photonics-ready flip flops for optical computing interfaces
Development of ultra-low-voltage ( 0.5V) flip flops for IoT applications