Logic - Flip Flops

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
SN74LVC374ADW Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 8BIT 20SOIC	4076
SN74HC175APW Texas Instruments	FLIP FLOP D-TYPE BUS INTERFACE	4590
SN74AUP1G74DCUR Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 1BIT 8VSSOP	10633
54F175/BEA Rochester Electronics	DUAL MARKED (M38510/34104BEA)	1431
7601801FA Texas Instruments	SN54LS279A QUADRUPLE /S-/R LATCH	7
CD74FCT273CTM	FAST OCTAL D FLIP FLOPS & RESET	4967
8415001EA Texas Instruments	SN54HC109 DUAL J-K POSITIVE-EDGE	445
SN74HCS72QPWRQ1 Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE DUAL 2BIT 14TSSOP	5821
SN74LVC2G79DCUR Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE DUAL 1BIT 8VSSOP	4697
74VHCT574AN	BUS DRIVER	8770
CD74ACT74ME4 Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE DUAL 1BIT 14SOIC	0
CY74FCT574CTSOCT Texas Instruments	BUS DRIVER	25320
74AHCT273D,112 Nexperia	D FLIP-FLOP, AHCT/VHCT SERIES, 1	4560
CY74FCT823ATQCT Texas Instruments	CY74FCT823T 9-BIT BUS INTERFACE	5000
74HC574D,652 Nexperia	IC FF D-TYPE SNGL 8BIT 20SO	351
MC10E131FNG	D FLIP-FLOP, 10E SERIES, 1-FUNC,	1914
SN74AHCT16374DL Texas Instruments	IC FF D-TYPE DUAL 8BIT 48SSOP	225
SN74AS874DW Texas Instruments	SN74AS874 DUAL 4-BIT D-TYPE EDGE	3110
SN74LV273ADGVR Texas Instruments	SN74LV273A OCTAL D-TYPE FLIP-FLO	2000
74AC175PC	D FLIP-FLOP, AC SERIES	4155

Logic - Flip Flops

1. Overview

Flip flops are fundamental building blocks in digital electronics, serving as bistable multivibrators capable of storing one bit of data. They form the basis of sequential logic circuits, enabling data storage, synchronization, and state control. Their ability to maintain stable states until triggered by clock signals makes them critical in memory units, counters, and register files. Modern computing, telecommunications, and automation systems rely heavily on flip flops for reliable data management and timing control.

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
SR Flip Flop	Set-Reset operation with undefined state when both inputs activate	Basic memory elements, control circuits
D Flip Flop	Data storage with single data input synchronized by clock edge	Registers, shift registers, data buffers
JK Flip Flop	Universal type eliminating invalid states through feedback	Counters, frequency dividers, state machines
T Flip Flop	Toggle state with each clock pulse when input active	Binary counters, clock division circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Flip flops are typically constructed using transistor-transistor logic (TTL) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. A standard CMOS D flip flop contains 8-12 transistors arranged in master-slave configuration with transmission gates. Key components include:

Clock signal input for synchronization
Data input/output terminals
Feedback paths for state retention
Level-sensitive or edge-triggered control circuitry

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Typical Range	Importance
Clock Frequency	DC to 10GHz (varies by technology)	Determines maximum operating speed
Propagation Delay	1-10ns (CMOS), 3-20ns (TTL)	Impacts circuit timing margins
Power Consumption	1mW-100mW per flip flop	Critical for battery-powered devices
Setup/Hold Time	0.1-2ns	Essential for reliable data capture
Output Drive Strength	2mA-24mA	Affects fan-out capability

5. Application Domains

Telecommunications: Synchronization circuits in 5G base stations, optical transceivers
Computing: CPU register files, cache memory controllers
Industrial Control: Programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensor interfaces
Consumer Electronics: Timing circuits in smartphones, wearable devices
Automotive: CAN bus controllers, ADAS synchronization modules

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Products	Key Features
Texas Instruments	SN74LVC1G80	Single D flip flop with 14ns delay, 2GHz clock rate
STMicroelectronics	STM74HC74ADG	Dual D flip flop with 8mA drive, 125MHz operation
NXP Semiconductors	74AUP1G175GF	Low-power quad D flip flop, 0.9V-3.6V operation
Intel	IOP333B00ES	High-speed differential flip flops for FPGA interfaces

7. Selection Guidelines

Key selection criteria include:

Speed requirements vs. power budget trade-offs
Compatibility with existing logic families (TTL/CMOS)
Package type (QFP, BGA, WLCSP) for PCB constraints
Environmental specifications (temperature range, radiation hardness)
Integration level (discrete vs. embedded in FPGAs/ASICs)

Example: For high-speed networking equipment, select flip flops with <1ns jitter and LVDS compatibility.

8. Industry Trends

Current development trends include:

Migration to FinFET and GAAFET transistor structures for sub-5nm nodes
Integration with on-die clocking networks in 3D-stacked ICs
Emergence of spin-transfer torque flip flops for non-volatile memory
Adoption of photonics-ready flip flops for optical computing interfaces
Development of ultra-low-voltage ( 0.5V) flip flops for IoT applications