Data Acquisition - Analog Front End (AFE)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
LMP90080MH/NOPB Texas Instruments	IC AFE 1 CHAN 16BIT 28TSSOP	70
LM98722CCMT/NOPB Texas Instruments	IC AFE 3 CHAN 16BIT 56TSSOP	186
LM15851NKER Texas Instruments	IC AFE 1 CHAN 12BIT 68VQFN	0
AFE58JD32ZBV Texas Instruments	AFE58JD32 - 32-CHANNEL ULTRASOUN	48
LMP92064SD/NOPB Texas Instruments	LMP92064 2V, UNI-DIRECTIONAL, FA	945
AFE4410YZR Texas Instruments	IC AFE 3 CHAN 24BIT 30DSBGA	0
AFE44I30YZT Texas Instruments	AFE4430 WITH I2C SMALL REEL	237
ADS1296RIZXGT Texas Instruments	ADS1296R 6-CH 24-BIT ADC WITH IN	45454
VSP5000PMG6 Texas Instruments	IC AFE 2 CHAN 10BIT 64LQFP	0
LMP90080MHX/NOPB Texas Instruments	IC AFE 1 CHAN 16BIT 28HTSSOP	0
AFE49I30YZT Texas Instruments	IC AFE 3 CHAN 24BIT	419
ADS1194CPAGR Texas Instruments	IC AFE 4 CHAN 16BIT 64TQFP	0
VSP5000PM Texas Instruments	CONSUMER CIRCUIT, PQFP64	14507
AFE5401TRGCRQ1 Texas Instruments	IC AFE 4 CHAN 12BIT 64VQFN	0
AFE1230E Texas Instruments	DIGITAL SLIC, 1 FUNC, PDSO28	60
LMP90079MHX/NOPB Texas Instruments	IC AFE 1 CHAN 16BIT 28TSSOP	0
TLV990-21PFB Texas Instruments	TLV990-21 10-BIT, 21 MSPS 1-CHAN	4004
LMP91050MMX/NOPB Texas Instruments	IC AFE 1 CHAN 10VSSOP	0
ADS1292RIRSMR Texas Instruments	IC AFE 2 CHAN 24BIT 32VQFN	0
AFE58JD18ZBV Texas Instruments	IC AFE 16 CHAN 14BIT 289NFBGA	105

Data Acquisition - Analog Front End (AFE)

1. Overview

Analog Front End (AFE) ICs are critical components in data acquisition systems, serving as the interface between analog sensors/transducers and digital processing units. They perform signal conditioning, amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) driving functions. AFEs ensure signal integrity and measurement accuracy in applications ranging from medical devices to industrial automation, playing a pivotal role in modern precision electronics.

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Precision AFE	Low noise, high linearity, programmable gain amplifiers (PGA)	Medical imaging equipment, precision weighing scales
High-Speed AFE	Wide bandwidth (>100MHz), fast settling time	Ultrasound systems, radar receivers
Integrated AFE	Complete signal chain in single chip (PGA + ADC + DSP)	Smart sensors, IoT edge devices
Isolated AFE	Galvanic isolation with >5kV rating	Power grid monitoring, industrial safety systems

3. Structure and Composition

Typical AFE architecture includes:

Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) for signal scaling
Anti-aliasing filter (low-pass/band-pass)
ADC driver amplifier with fast transient response
Reference voltage generator
Digital control interface (I2C/SPI)
Optional isolation barriers (magnetic/optical)

Advanced designs integrate calibration circuits and fault detection modules.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)	Actual ADC resolution considering noise/distortion	Determines measurement accuracy
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)	Ratio of desired signal to background noise (dB)	Impacts dynamic range
Input Referred Noise	Amplifier noise converted to input equivalent (nV/ Hz)	Limits minimum detectable signal
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)	Ability to reject common-mode interference (dB)	Essential for noisy environments
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)	Noise suppression from power rails (dB)	Ensures stable operation

5. Application Fields

Major application areas include:

Medical: ECG/EKG machines, blood glucose monitors
Industrial: Programmable logic controllers (PLCs), vibration sensors
Communications: Software-defined radios, optical transceivers
Automotive: Battery management systems, LiDAR receivers
Consumer: Smart wearables, voice assistants

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Analog Devices	AD7768	24-bit Sigma-Delta ADC with 2 V offset error
Texas Instruments	ADS1298	8-channel ECG frontend with built-in lead-off detection
STMicroelectronics	LTC2358	18-bit SAR ADC with 1MSPS throughput
NXP Semiconductors	MCP3911	6-channel energy measurement AFE with harmonic analysis

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations when selecting AFEs:

Match ADC resolution with system accuracy requirements
Evaluate bandwidth requirements vs. power consumption trade-offs
Consider integration level (discrete vs. system-on-chip)
Verify temperature stability (-40 C to +125 C range)
Assess digital interface compatibility (SPI/I2C speed)
Check for required certifications (medical/industrial safety)

8. Industry Trends

Current development trends include:

Increasing integration with AI acceleration for edge processing
Sub-1V supply operation for IoT devices
Emerging wide bandgap (GaN/SiC) compatible isolation technologies
Development of 32-bit+ precision converters
Standardization of wireless AFE modules for Industry 4.0