1. Overview

Nuts are threaded fasteners with internal threads designed to mate with bolts or screws to secure mechanical components. As critical elements in assembly systems, nuts provide removable joints that maintain structural integrity under various operational conditions. Their importance spans across industries requiring precision engineering, vibration resistance, and load-bearing capabilities.

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

3. Structure and Composition

Typical nut configurations feature a prismatic or cylindrical body with chamfered corners. Key structural elements include:

• Hexagonal wrenching surfaces (90% of standard nuts)
• Internal ISO metric or Unified thread profiles
• Material compositions: Carbon steel (8.8-12.9 grade), Stainless Steel (A2/A4), Brass, Aluminum
• Surface treatments: Zinc plating, Geomet coating, Dacromet

4. Key Technical Specifications

5. Application Fields

• Automotive: Engine assembly, chassis systems
• Aerospace: Aircraft engine mounts, landing gear
• Construction: Steel frame connections, bridge structures
• Electronics: PCB mounting, enclosure assembly
• Renewable Energy: Wind turbine tower connections

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

7. Selection Recommendations

Key selection criteria:

• Material compatibility with mating bolt (e.g., A2 stainless nut with A2 bolt)
• Environmental factors: Temperature range (-50 C to +300 C), chemical exposure
• Torque requirements: Proof load specifications
• Case Study: Wind turbine tower connections require M64 10.9 grade nuts with 10 m zinc coating

Industry Trends Analysis

Current development directions include:

• Advanced materials: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer nuts for weight reduction
• Smart fasteners: Integrated strain sensors for real-time load monitoring
• Manufacturing innovation: Cold forming processes achieving G05 dimensional accuracy
• Sustainability: Bio-based coatings replacing traditional zinc plating