Thermal - Pads, Sheets

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
21MM-21MM-25-8810 3M	THERM PAD 21MMX21MM W/ADH 1=25PK	0
3/4-5-8810 3M	THERM TAPE 4.57MX19.05MM W/ADH	258
5590H-05-2"-CIRCLE-100/PK 3M	THERM PAD 50.8MM DIA GRAY	232
5583S 210 MM X 300 MM X 2.5MM 3M	THERM PAD 300MMX210MM WHITE	0
18MM-57.25MM-25-8810 3M	THERM PAD 57.25MMX18MM 1=25/PK	0
5590H-TO5 3M	THERM PAD 9.14MM DIA GRAY	241
20.32MM-6.86MM-25-8810 3M	THERM PAD 20.32MMX6.86MM 1=25/PK	0
1/2-5-8805 3M	THERM PAD 4.57MX12.7MM WHT	7
5570N-05 3M	THERM PAD GRY/WHT	21
5516-10 3M	THERM PAD 320MMX230MM 1=1PC	87
5550H-10 3M	THERMAL CONDUCTIVE ACRYLIC INTER	0
30MM-30MM-25-8810 3M	THERM PAD 30MMX30MM 1=25PK	28
5583S 210 MM X 300 MM 1.0 MM 3M	THERM PAD 300MMX210MM WHITE	80
12.8MM-19MM-25-8810 3M	THERM PAD 19MMX12.8MM 1=25/PK	0
3M 8805 SQUARE-8MM-500 3M	THERM PAD 8MMX8MM W/ADH 500/PK	342
8810-TO218 3M	THERM PAD W/ADH WHITE	0
21MM-21MM-25-5590H-05 3M	THERM PAD 21MMX21MM GRAY 1=25/PK	7
3M 8810 CIRCLE-2"-100 3M	THERM PAD 50.8MM DIA W/ADH WHITE	0
240MM-1M-0.5MM-5590H 3M	THERM PAD 1MX240MM GRAY	0
5595S-10 3M	THERM PAD 300MMX210MM GRAY	24

Thermal - Pads, Sheets

1. Overview

Thermal pads and sheets are thermally conductive materials used to transfer heat away from electronic components to heat sinks or ambient environments. They fill air gaps between uneven surfaces, improving thermal efficiency. These materials are critical in modern electronics, automotive systems, and industrial equipment to prevent overheating, enhance reliability, and ensure compliance with safety standards.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Silicone-Based Pads	High flexibility, low compression force, dielectric insulation	Smartphones, laptops, LED lighting
Non-Silicone Pads	Lower cost, reduced silicone oil migration	Power supplies, industrial controls
Phase Change Materials (PCM)	Softening at operational temperatures for better contact	CPUs, GPUs, servers
Metal-Backed Pads	Aluminum/copper reinforcement for structural support	EV battery packs, high-power lasers
Graphite Sheets	Ultra-thin, anisotropic heat spreading	5G base stations, wearable devices

3. Structure and Composition

Typical thermal pads consist of:

Base Material: Silicone rubber (standard), polyurethane (low-cost), or epoxy (rigid)
Filler: Aluminum oxide, boron nitride, or silver-coated particles for thermal conductivity
Adhesive Layers: Pressure-sensitive acrylic or silicone adhesives (optional)
Reinforcement: Fiberglass mesh or metal foils for mechanical stability

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Importance
Thermal Conductivity (W/m K)	Measures heat transfer efficiency (ASTM D5470)
Thickness (mm)	Impacts contact resistance and compression force
Operating Temperature Range ( C)	Determines material stability under thermal stress
Hardness (Shore 00)	Affects conformability to surfaces
Adhesion Strength (N/mm )	Critical for mechanical fixation
Electrical Insulation (kV/mm)	Essential for high-voltage applications

5. Application Fields

Major industries include:

Consumer Electronics: Mobile phones (e.g., Samsung Galaxy series), tablets, gaming consoles
Automotive: EV battery thermal management (Tesla Model 3), powertrain inverters
Telecom: 5G base stations (Huawei AAU modules), optical transceivers
Industrial: CNC machines, medical imaging equipment
Aerospace: Avionics cooling systems

6. Leading Manufacturers & Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Specification
Laird Performance Materials	THERM-A-GAP GEL 15	15 W/m K, 0.5mm thickness
Bergquist (Henkel)	Gap Pad 1500S	Silicone-free, 8.0 W/m K
3M	5595 PCM	Phase change at 55 C, 12 W/m K
Fujipoly	SARCON Matrix MG	Metal-gel hybrid, 20 W/m K
Momentive	TSE 3045	Graphite sheet, 400 W/m K (in-plane)

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Thermal Requirements: Calculate required thermal conductivity based on power dissipation (using Fourier's Law)
Mechanical Constraints: Evaluate hardness-thickness trade-offs for housing clearance
Environmental Factors: Check temperature/chemical resistance for outdoor/automotive use
Cost Optimization: Balance performance vs. budget (e.g., graphite sheets cost 30% more than silicone pads)
Regulatory Compliance: Ensure RoHS/REACH certification for EU markets

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

Ultra-Thin Materials: 0.1mm graphite sheets for foldable devices
High-Conductivity Composites: Boron nitride nanotube-enhanced pads (30+ W/m K)
Smart Thermal Interfaces: Electro-responsive materials with tunable conductivity
Green Manufacturing: Water-based silicone formulations reducing VOC emissions
Integrated Solutions: Combination pads with embedded temperature sensors