Thermal - Heat Sinks

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
574402B03200G Aavid	HEATSINK TO220 HOR MNT W/TAB.75"	2830
6030B-TTG Aavid	THM,10594B-TT REV BB(COPPER)G	1101
7021B-MTG Aavid	HEATSINK TO-220 TAB FOLD 42.16MM	444
533802B02500G Aavid	BOARD LEVEL HEAT SINK	400
574502B03700G Aavid	HEATSINK TO220 VER MNT W/TAB.75"	4559
531002B00000G Aavid	HEATSINK TO-220 BLACK 1"	1640
573100D00010G Aavid	HEATSINK SMT D-PAK/TO-252 TIN	1507
500103B00000G Aavid	HEATSINK TO-3 10W H=.50" BLK	1011
M46162B021000G Aavid	MAX CLIP HEATSINK	826
594302B02853G Aavid	HEATSINK TO-220 W/KOOL CLIP BLK	0
780652F00000G Aavid	78065 EXTRUSION 1.1X0.76"X4.1'	3
507222B05300G Aavid	HEAT SINK	473
592902B03400G Aavid	BOARD LEVEL HEAT SINK	0
575903B00000G Aavid	BOARD LEVEL HEAT SINK	0
530714B05300G Aavid	BOARD LEVEL HEAT SINK	0
6032DG Aavid	HEAT SINK	0
2281B Aavid	BOARD LEVEL HEAT SINK	0
591302B04000G Aavid	BOARD LEVEL HEAT SINK	0
2207/PR11B ASSY Aavid	HEAT SINK	0
519903B00000G Aavid	BOARD LEVEL HEAT SINK	0

Thermal - Heat Sinks

1. Overview

Thermal heat sinks are passive or active cooling components designed to absorb and dissipate heat generated by electronic devices. They play a critical role in maintaining optimal operating temperatures for semiconductors, processors, and power modules. As modern electronics trend toward higher power density and miniaturization, effective thermal management through heat sinks has become essential for ensuring reliability, performance, and longevity of systems in applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial machinery.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Passive Air-Cooled Heat Sinks	Aluminum/copper fins without moving parts	Desktop CPUs, LED lighting
Active Air-Cooled Heat Sinks	Fans integrated with fin arrays	Gaming PCs, industrial control cabinets
Liquid-Cooled Heat Sinks	Internal channels for coolant circulation	Data center servers, EV battery packs
Heat Pipe Heat Sinks	Vapor chamber technology for ultra-thin profiles	Smartphones, aerospace electronics
Phase Change Heat Sinks	Paraffin-based materials absorbing latent heat	Short-duration high-load applications

3. Structure and Components

Typical heat sink structures include:

Finned Arrays: Corrugated metal surfaces (aluminum extrusions or folded copper sheets) for maximizing surface area
Base Plates: Machined or forged bases with micro-channel patterns for direct component contact
Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs): Graphite pads or phase-change materials between heat sink and component
Mounting Hardware: Spring-loaded pins or adhesive backers for secure installation
Protective Coatings: Anodized finishes or nickel plating for corrosion resistance

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Thermal Resistance	0.5-10 C/W range depending on design	Directly impacts cooling efficiency
Material Conductivity	Al: 180-240 W/m K \| Cu: 390-400 W/m K	Determines heat transfer speed
Fin Density	5-50 fins per inch (FPI)	Affects airflow resistance and surface area
Operating Temperature	-50 C to +250 C typical range	Defines environmental suitability
Weight	50g-10kg depending on application	Critical for aerospace and mobile uses

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: CPU/GPU cooling in computers, smartphone SoC thermal pads
Telecommunications: 5G base station power amplifiers, optical transceivers
Industrial: VFD motor controllers, welding equipment
Automotive: Electric vehicle (EV) battery packs, onboard chargers
Aerospace: Avionics cooling systems, satellite power modules

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Aavid (TE Connectivity)	HiK Plate Heat Sinks	Embedded heat pipes, thermal conductivity >400 W/m K
Cooler Master	Hyper 212 RGB	4 direct-contact heat pipes, 64 CFM fan
Delta Electronics	CD7010 Liquid Cooler	2-phase immersion cooling system
Thermaltake	Floe Riing RGB 360mm	360mm radiator with RGB lighting
Boyd Corporation	Phase Change PCM150	150W thermal capacity for pulsed loads

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations include:

Calculate required thermal dissipation using Q = (T_operating - T_ambient)/R_thermal
Verify dimensional compatibility with component footprint and clearance
Assess environmental conditions (humidity, vibration, corrosion potential)
Balance performance vs cost: Extruded aluminum offers best cost/performance ratio
Consider integration with existing cooling systems (e.g., existing fan airflow rates)

Case Study: For a 150W CPU with 70 C max operating temperature and 25 C ambient, required thermal resistance must be 0.3 C/W. Recommended solution: Copper base heat sink with 6 heat pipes and 120mm PWM fan.

8. Industry Trends

Emerging developments include:

Graphene-enhanced composites achieving 500+ W/m K conductivity
3D-printed lattice structures reducing weight by 40% while maintaining performance
Smart heat sinks with embedded thermal sensors and adaptive fan control
Two-phase immersion cooling systems for data centers (up to 90% energy savings)
Microchannel liquid cooling for 5G millimeter-wave transmitters

Market forecasts predict a CAGR of 6.8% through 2030, driven by EV and 5G infrastructure demands.