Crystals

Image	Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity	Rfq
	MP196B-E CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 19.6608MHZ 18PF TH	0
	MP200B CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 20.0000MHZ 18PF TH	0
	445A31F12M00000 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 12.0000MHZ 24PF SMD	0
	445A31L24M57600 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 24.5760MHZ 12PF SMD	0
	ATS122-E CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 12.2880MHZ 20PF TH	0
	416F374X2CLR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 37.4000MHZ 12PF SMD	0
	445A33G14M31818 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 14.31818MHZ 30PF SMD	0
	445W2XD14M31818 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 14.31818MHZ 18PF SMD	0
	445W23G12M00000 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 12.0000MHZ 30PF SMD	0
	416F37011ATR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 37.0000MHZ 6PF SMD	0
	402F48012IKR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 48.0000MHZ 8PF SMD	0
	445A22L12M00000 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 12.0000MHZ 12PF SMD	0
	416F250X3AAR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 25.0000MHZ 10PF SMD	0
	416F320XXATR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 32.0000MHZ 6PF SMD	0
	416F26022ILR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 26.0000MHZ 12PF SMD	0
	445C23H24M00000 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 24.0000MHZ 32PF SMD	0
	416F40022CTR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 40.0000MHZ 6PF SMD	0
	402F48011CDR CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 48.0000MHZ 18PF SMD	0
	445W22L30M00000 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 30.0000MHZ 12PF SMD	0
	445W33H12M00000 CTS Corporation	CRYSTAL 12.0000MHZ 32PF SMD	0

Crystals

1. Overview

Crystals, oscillators, and resonators are passive electronic components that generate stable frequency signals for timing and synchronization in electronic systems. Crystals (e.g., quartz) utilize piezoelectric properties to produce precise oscillations. Oscillators integrate active circuitry to generate periodic signals, while resonators provide frequency-selective feedback. These components are critical in communication systems, computing devices, industrial controls, and consumer electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Quartz Crystals	High frequency stability, low phase noise	Microprocessors, GPS modules, RF transceivers
Ceramic Resonators	Lower cost, moderate stability	Remote controls, toys, low-precision sensors
MEMS Resonators	Miniaturized, shock-resistant	IoT devices, wearables, automotive sensors
Crystal Oscillators (XO)	Integrated driver circuitry	Network switches, test equipment, precision clocks

3. Structure and Composition

A typical quartz crystal consists of a precision-cut piezoelectric wafer (AT-cut or SC-cut), metallized electrodes (silver or gold), and a hermetically sealed package (glass or ceramic). MEMS resonators use silicon-based microstructures with electrostatic or piezoelectric transducers. Ceramic resonators employ zirconium titanate (PZT) materials with printed electrodes.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Frequency Range	Operating frequency band (kHz-MHz)	Determines circuit timing resolution
Frequency Tolerance	Initial accuracy at 25 C (ppm)	Impacts system synchronization
Temperature Stability	Frequency drift over temperature (ppm/ C)	Critical for harsh environments
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)	Internal resistance affecting startup time	Impacts oscillator reliability
Aging Rate	Long-term frequency shift (ppm/year)	System longevity consideration

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

Telecommunications: 5G base stations, optical transceivers
Industrial Automation: PLCs, robotics controllers
Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, smartwatches
Automotive: ECUs, tire pressure sensors
Medical Devices: Pacemakers, diagnostic equipment

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Epson	SG-8003	32.768 kHz TCXO for real-time clocks
Murata	XRCGB32M000F	32 MHz ceramic resonator
SiTime	SiT8924	MEMS-based automotive-grade oscillator
TXC Corporation	9B-26.000MHZ	26 MHz quartz crystal for Bluetooth modules

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Required frequency and stability (temperature/vibration)
Power consumption constraints
Environmental operating conditions
Package size and mounting type
Cost vs. precision trade-offs

Example: For IoT edge devices, prioritize MEMS resonators with low power (<10 A) and 50 ppm stability.

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

Miniaturization: 0.4x0.2 mm MEMS devices for wearable integration
Higher frequency adoption: 100+ MHz crystals for 5G infrastructure
Integrated solutions: Oscillators with built-in frequency modulation
Automotive-grade reliability: AEC-Q100 qualified components for EVs
AI-driven testing: Machine learning for crystal defect detection