Crystals

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
RH100-32.000-12-F-1010-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 32.0000MHZ 12PF SMD	0
R2016-40.000-8-F-1515-TR-NS1 Raltron	CRYSTAL 40.0000MHZ 8PF SMD	2921
R1612-25.000-9-F-3030-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 25.0000MHZ 9PF SMD	2740
R2520-16.000-9-1010-EXT-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 16.0000MHZ 9PF SMD	2275
RSE-32.768-12.5-H14-TR-10PPM Raltron	CRYSTAL 32.7680KHZ 12.5PF SMD	368
RH100-8.000-8-2020-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 8.0000MHZ 8PF SMD	0
RT2012-32.768-9-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 32.7680KHZ 9PF SMD	4340
R2016-16.000-8-1010-TR-NS1 Raltron	CRYSTAL 16.0000MHZ 8PF SMD	2972
R2016-25.000-20-F-1515-EXT-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 25.0000MHZ 20PF SMD	2407
R2016-38.400-7-F-1010-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 38.4000MHZ 7PF SMD	3000
H10S-10.000-18-EXT-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 10.0000MHZ 18PF SMD	1000
R2520-40.000-10-F-1010-EXT-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 40.0000MHZ 10PF SMD	0
RH100-27.000-12-F-1010-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 27.0000MHZ 12PF SMD	2917
RT2012-32.768-7-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 32.7680KHZ 7PF SMD	2854
RH100-48.000-10-F-1015-EXT-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 48.0000MHZ 10PF SMD	2930
AS-13.560-20-SMD-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 13.5600MHZ 20PF SMD	2699
RH100-10.000-8-2020-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 10.0000MHZ 8PF SMD	2763
R2520-27.120-12-F-1015-EXT-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 27.1200MHZ 12PF SMD	2954
R2520-16.000-16-1020-EXT-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 16.0000MHZ 16PF SMD	2860
RH100-20.000-16-3030-TR Raltron	CRYSTAL 20.0000MHZ 16PF SMD	2984

Crystals

1. Overview

Crystals, oscillators, and resonators are passive electronic components that generate stable frequency signals for timing and synchronization in electronic systems. Crystals (e.g., quartz) utilize piezoelectric properties to produce precise oscillations. Oscillators integrate active circuitry to generate periodic signals, while resonators provide frequency-selective feedback. These components are critical in communication systems, computing devices, industrial controls, and consumer electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Quartz Crystals	High frequency stability, low phase noise	Microprocessors, GPS modules, RF transceivers
Ceramic Resonators	Lower cost, moderate stability	Remote controls, toys, low-precision sensors
MEMS Resonators	Miniaturized, shock-resistant	IoT devices, wearables, automotive sensors
Crystal Oscillators (XO)	Integrated driver circuitry	Network switches, test equipment, precision clocks

3. Structure and Composition

A typical quartz crystal consists of a precision-cut piezoelectric wafer (AT-cut or SC-cut), metallized electrodes (silver or gold), and a hermetically sealed package (glass or ceramic). MEMS resonators use silicon-based microstructures with electrostatic or piezoelectric transducers. Ceramic resonators employ zirconium titanate (PZT) materials with printed electrodes.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Frequency Range	Operating frequency band (kHz-MHz)	Determines circuit timing resolution
Frequency Tolerance	Initial accuracy at 25 C (ppm)	Impacts system synchronization
Temperature Stability	Frequency drift over temperature (ppm/ C)	Critical for harsh environments
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)	Internal resistance affecting startup time	Impacts oscillator reliability
Aging Rate	Long-term frequency shift (ppm/year)	System longevity consideration

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

Telecommunications: 5G base stations, optical transceivers
Industrial Automation: PLCs, robotics controllers
Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, smartwatches
Automotive: ECUs, tire pressure sensors
Medical Devices: Pacemakers, diagnostic equipment

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Epson	SG-8003	32.768 kHz TCXO for real-time clocks
Murata	XRCGB32M000F	32 MHz ceramic resonator
SiTime	SiT8924	MEMS-based automotive-grade oscillator
TXC Corporation	9B-26.000MHZ	26 MHz quartz crystal for Bluetooth modules

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Required frequency and stability (temperature/vibration)
Power consumption constraints
Environmental operating conditions
Package size and mounting type
Cost vs. precision trade-offs

Example: For IoT edge devices, prioritize MEMS resonators with low power (<10 A) and 50 ppm stability.

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

Miniaturization: 0.4x0.2 mm MEMS devices for wearable integration
Higher frequency adoption: 100+ MHz crystals for 5G infrastructure
Integrated solutions: Oscillators with built-in frequency modulation
Automotive-grade reliability: AEC-Q100 qualified components for EVs
AI-driven testing: Machine learning for crystal defect detection