Rectangular connectors are multi-pin electrical connectors with a rectangular housing, designed to transmit power, signals, or both. They feature a modular structure with standardized dimensions, enabling interoperability across systems. These connectors are critical in modern electronics for their reliability in harsh environments, scalability, and ease of maintenance. They serve as fundamental components in industrial automation, telecommunications, and transportation systems.
| Type | Functional Features | Application Examples |
|---|---|---|
| D-Subminiature | Metal shell with staggered pin arrangement, EMI shielding | Computer serial ports, industrial control systems |
| RJ Series (RJ45/RJ11) | Plastic housing with latch mechanism, 8/6 contacts | Network routers, telecommunication equipment |
| USB Type-A/B | Reversible plug design, hot-swappable | Consumer electronics, peripheral devices |
| PCIe | High-speed differential pairs, low insertion loss | Computer motherboards, SSDs |
| Automotive HVC | High-voltage capability, liquid cooling compatibility | Electric vehicle battery systems |
A typical rectangular connector consists of: - Contact Pins: Phosphor bronze or beryllium copper with gold/plating for conductivity - Insulation Housing: Thermoplastic (e.g., PBT, LCP) with UL94 V-0 flammability rating - Shielding: Metal cans or conductive coatings for EMI protection - Latching Mechanism: Plastic/steel levers ensuring secure mating - Polarization Key: Prevents mismating through geometric features
| Parameter | Significance | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|
| Current Rating | Determines power transmission capacity | 0.5A - 30A/contact |
| Contact Resistance | Impacts signal integrity | 5-20m |
| Dielectric Withstanding Voltage | Safety insulation level | 500V - 5000V |
| Mating Cycle Life | Defines durability | 500 - 10,000 cycles |
| Operating Temperature | Environmental tolerance | -55 C to +125 C |
| Insertion Force | Affects usability | 0.5N - 20N/contact |
| Manufacturer | Key Products | Technical Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| TE Connectivity | DEUTSCH DT series | IP69K sealing, 2000V dielectric strength |
| Amphenol | MIL-DTL-38999 Series III | Space-rated, 10Gbps data transmission |
| Molex | PicoBlade 0.8mm | 0.2A rating for IoT wearable devices |
| Delphi | SCS1000 automotive | 800V/500A for EV fast charging |
| JAE Electronics | DF59 series | 0.3mm pitch, 1.25Gbps RF capability |
Key considerations include: - Current/voltage requirements with 20% safety margin - Environmental factors (temperature, vibration, chemical exposure) - Mating cycle requirements (e.g., test equipment needs >5000 cycles) - Signal integrity (impedance matching for >1Gbps applications) - Compliance with industry standards (USB-IF, IEEE 802.3)
Example: Selecting an automotive HVC connector requires verifying ISO 6469 compliance for EV battery systems, with contact resistance <10m and IP67 sealing.