Pluggable Connectors

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	155650013002896+ KYOCERA Corporation	BOARD TO BOARD	0
	245650022001872+ KYOCERA Corporation	BOARD TO BOARD	0

Pluggable Connectors

1. Overview

Pluggable connectors are modular electronic interfaces enabling rapid connection/disconnection of circuits in high-speed data transmission systems. As critical components in modern communication infrastructure, they support hot-swapping capabilities while maintaining signal integrity. These connectors serve as standardized interfaces between devices, cables, and PCBs, playing essential roles in telecommunications, data centers, and industrial automation.

2. Major Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Fiber Optic Connectors	Supports 10Gbps-400Gbps transmission, LC/MPO interfaces, low insertion loss	Data center backbone networks
Copper Cage Connectors	Shielded modular design, supports 1Gbps-100Gbps, thermal management features	Switch/router panel interfaces
High-Speed Backplane	Differential pair architecture, impedance-controlled, multi-gigabit per lane	Telecom equipment chassis
M12/X-coded Connectors	Industrial Ethernet, IP67 rated, vibration-resistant	Factory automation systems

3. Structure and Components

Typical pluggable connectors consist of: - Housing: Latch-equipped polymer casing (UL94 V-0 rated) - Contacts: Gold-plated phosphor bronze with 0.1-0.2N contact force - Insulation: High-temperature resistant PBT/GF materials - Termination: Solder tails or press-fit pins (10-40 positions) - Shielding: 360 EMI protection with drain wire connection - Keying: Mechanical polarization to prevent mismatch insertion

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Typical Value	Importance
Contact Resistance	5-20 m	Directly affects power loss
Insulation Resistance	>10^9	Safety and signal isolation
VSWR	<1.5:1 @50GHz	Microwave signal integrity
Operating Temp	-55 C to +125 C	Environmental reliability
Mating Cycles	500-1000 cycles	Lifetime durability

5. Application Fields

Telecommunications: 5G base stations (eCPRI interfaces), DWDM systems
Data Centers: Top-of-Rack switches using QSFP28/OSFP modules
Industrial: PROFINET-enabled machinery with M12 connectors
Transportation: Automotive Ethernet in autonomous vehicles (100BASE-T1)
Medical: MRI machines requiring sterile electrical interfaces

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Key Products	Specialization
Amphenol ICC	OptiMux fiber arrays	High-density optical
TE Connectivity	MATRIXall backplane	Harsh environment
Molex	OSFP800 Series	800Gbps solutions
Samtec	FireFly optical engines	Mid-board optical

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations: - Signal bandwidth requirements (Nyquist frequency calculation) - Environmental factors (temperature/humidity/chemical exposure) - Compliance with industry standards (IEEE 802.3bs, IEC 61076) - Termination method compatibility (SMT vs through-hole) - Cost vs performance trade-off (e.g., gold vs silver contacts) - Future-proofing (support for next-gen protocols)

8. Industry Trends

Current development directions include: - 1.6Tbps+ optical interfaces using 100G per lane electrical design - EMI reduction through nano-coating and 3D shielding structures - Miniaturization driven by 5G small cells and IoT devices - Integrated magnetics in RJ45 connectors for PoE++ applications - Sustainable materials meeting REACH/RoHS regulations - Smart connectors with embedded diagnostics (IEEE 802.3ap)