TVS - Varistors, MOVs

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
ERZ-E11A681CS Panasonic	VARISTOR 680V 5KA DISC 14MM	0
ERZ-VF2M560 Panasonic	VARISTOR 56V 125A 2SMD JLEAD	231
ERZ-E10F241 Panasonic	VARISTOR 240V 4.5KA DISC 11.5MM	0
EZJ-Z1V500AA Panasonic	VARISTOR 50V 0603	546
ERZ-E14A621S1 Panasonic	VARISTOR DISC 14MM 620V	1139
ERZ-VF2M271 Panasonic	VARISTOR 270V 600A 2SMD JLEAD	1939
ERZ-E10A241CS Panasonic	VARISTOR 240V 4.5KA DISC 11.5MM	0
ERZ-V14D330 Panasonic	VARISTOR 33V 2KA DISC 14MM	0
ERZ-V14D180 Panasonic	VARISTOR 18V 2KA DISC 14MM	0
ERZ-CF2MK101 Panasonic	VARISTOR 100V 200A 2SMD JLEAD	1748
ERZ-E10A431 Panasonic	VARISTOR 430V 4.5KA DISC 11.5MM	0
ERZ-E10A621CS Panasonic	VARISTOR 620V 4.5KA DISC 12.50MM	0
ERZ-E08A561CS Panasonic	VARISTOR 560V 3.5KA DISC 10.5MM	0
ERZ-E10B821CS Panasonic	VARISTOR 820V 4.5KA DISC 12.50MM	0
ERZ-V10D112 Panasonic	VARISTOR 1.1KV 3.5KA DISC 10MM	0
ERZ-V05D221 Panasonic	VARISTOR 220V 800A DISC 5MM	0
EZJ-P0V080MA Panasonic	VARISTOR 8V 20A 0402	530
ERZ-V05D271 Panasonic	VARISTOR 270V 800A DISC 5MM	1627
ERZ-U22JP112 Panasonic	SINGLETRANSIENT/SURGE ABSORBERS1	1
ERZ-VF2M330 Panasonic	VARISTOR 33V 125A 2SMD JLEAD	8238

TVS - Varistors, MOVs

1. Overview

Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS), Varistors, and Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) are critical components for protecting electronic circuits from voltage spikes and electrostatic discharge (ESD). These devices clamp excessive voltage to safe levels, preventing damage to sensitive components. TVS diodes are semiconductor-based solutions with fast response times, while Varistors (including MOVs) use nonlinear resistive materials to absorb energy. Their importance spans industries like telecommunications, automotive, and consumer electronics, ensuring reliability in environments exposed to electrical surges.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
TVS Diodes	Unidirectional/bidirectional clamping, sub-nanosecond response time, low leakage current	Communication interfaces (USB, HDMI), microcontrollers, power supplies
Zinc Oxide Varistors	High energy absorption, voltage-dependent resistance, aging characteristics	Power line protection, industrial motor drives, surge protection strips
MOVs	Specialized varistors with metal oxide ceramics, optimized for AC/DC applications	Appliances, LED lighting, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

TVS diodes employ a PN junction semiconductor structure with doping profiles optimized for breakdown characteristics. Varistors consist of polycrystalline ceramic materials (typically zinc oxide grains with additives) sandwiched between metal electrodes, encapsulated in epoxy or molded housings. MOVs use similar materials to varistors but with enhanced grain boundary engineering for improved voltage clamping. All devices incorporate termination coatings (e.g., silver, tin) for PCB mounting compatibility.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Clamping Voltage (V_CLAMP)	Voltage level during surge conduction	Determines protection level for downstream components
Response Time	Time to transition from blocking to clamping mode	TVS: 0.5-10 ns; MOVs: 10-50 ns
Energy Absorption (W_ADM)	Maximum surge energy handling capability	Measured in joules (J), critical for industrial applications
Leakage Current	Off-state current at rated voltage	Impacts power efficiency, typically <100 A

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

Consumer Electronics: Smartphone charging circuits, TV power supplies
Industrial Automation: PLCs, motor drives, sensor interfaces
Automotive: ECU protection, CAN bus interfaces, battery management systems
Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, wind turbine controllers

Case Study: MOVs in smart meters provide 10kA surge protection against grid transients.

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Specifications
Littelfuse	SM712-02	12A, 13.3V clamping, bidirectional TVS for RS-485
Bourns	V14450A	14mm MOV, 450VAC, 210J energy rating
STMicroelectronics	TV05C060	0.5W, 6V, ultra-small TVS for IoT devices

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Operating voltage vs. clamping voltage margin
Surge current requirements (8/20 s waveform standard)
Package size constraints (SMD vs. through-hole)
Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity)
Lifespan expectations (MOVs degrade with repeated surges)

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

Miniaturization: Sub-0201 TVS devices for mobile applications
Higher energy density: MOVs with >1000J/cm absorption
Integration: Combined ESD and surge protection solutions
Automotive focus: AEC-Q qualified devices for 48V systems
Green manufacturing: Lead-free and RoHS-compliant materials