TVS - Varistors, MOVs

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
EZJ-PZV120RA Panasonic	VARISTOR 12V 1A 0201	13853
EZA-EG3W11AV Panasonic	0603 ESD SUPPRESSOR, 15KV TYPE,	0
ERZ-VF2M361 Panasonic	VARISTOR 360V 300A 2SMD JLEAD	32
EZJ-ZSV171AA Panasonic	VARISTOR 170V 0504	3687
ERZ-E10A391CS Panasonic	VARISTOR 390V 4.5KA DISC 11.5MM	0
EZJ-P0V270BM Panasonic	VARISTOR 27V 0402	5515
ERZ-E11A821 Panasonic	VARISTOR 820V 5KA DISC 14MM	582
ERZ-E10F681 Panasonic	VARISTOR 680V 4.5KA DISC 12.50MM	0
EZJ-Z1V270RA Panasonic	VARISTOR 27V 3A 0603	5530
ERZ-V14D270 Panasonic	VARISTOR 27V 2KA DISC 14MM	0
ERZ-U22JP192F Panasonic	SINGLETRANSIENT/SURGE ABSORBERS1	1
ERZ-V20D121 Panasonic	VARISTOR 120V 10KA DISC 20MM	111
ERZ-C20EK821Y Panasonic	VARISTOR 820V 8KA MODULE	9
ERZ-U23JP222F Panasonic	SINGLETRANSIENT/SURGE ABSORBERS1	1
ERZ-V20R221 Panasonic	VARISTOR 220V 10KA DISC 20MM	1306
ERZ-V10D621 Panasonic	VARISTOR 620V 3.5KA DISC 10MM	0
ERZ-VS34C751 Panasonic	VARISTOR 750V 40KA SQUARE 36MM	0
ERZ-E08A271 Panasonic	VARISTOR 270V 3.5KA DISC 10.5MM	963
ERZ-U24JP112 Panasonic	SINGLETRANSIENT/SURGE ABSORBERS1	1
ERZ-E11A621CS Panasonic	VARISTOR 620V 5KA DISC 14MM	0

TVS - Varistors, MOVs

1. Overview

Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS), Varistors, and Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) are critical components for protecting electronic circuits from voltage spikes and electrostatic discharge (ESD). These devices clamp excessive voltage to safe levels, preventing damage to sensitive components. TVS diodes are semiconductor-based solutions with fast response times, while Varistors (including MOVs) use nonlinear resistive materials to absorb energy. Their importance spans industries like telecommunications, automotive, and consumer electronics, ensuring reliability in environments exposed to electrical surges.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
TVS Diodes	Unidirectional/bidirectional clamping, sub-nanosecond response time, low leakage current	Communication interfaces (USB, HDMI), microcontrollers, power supplies
Zinc Oxide Varistors	High energy absorption, voltage-dependent resistance, aging characteristics	Power line protection, industrial motor drives, surge protection strips
MOVs	Specialized varistors with metal oxide ceramics, optimized for AC/DC applications	Appliances, LED lighting, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

TVS diodes employ a PN junction semiconductor structure with doping profiles optimized for breakdown characteristics. Varistors consist of polycrystalline ceramic materials (typically zinc oxide grains with additives) sandwiched between metal electrodes, encapsulated in epoxy or molded housings. MOVs use similar materials to varistors but with enhanced grain boundary engineering for improved voltage clamping. All devices incorporate termination coatings (e.g., silver, tin) for PCB mounting compatibility.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Clamping Voltage (V_CLAMP)	Voltage level during surge conduction	Determines protection level for downstream components
Response Time	Time to transition from blocking to clamping mode	TVS: 0.5-10 ns; MOVs: 10-50 ns
Energy Absorption (W_ADM)	Maximum surge energy handling capability	Measured in joules (J), critical for industrial applications
Leakage Current	Off-state current at rated voltage	Impacts power efficiency, typically <100 A

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

Consumer Electronics: Smartphone charging circuits, TV power supplies
Industrial Automation: PLCs, motor drives, sensor interfaces
Automotive: ECU protection, CAN bus interfaces, battery management systems
Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, wind turbine controllers

Case Study: MOVs in smart meters provide 10kA surge protection against grid transients.

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Specifications
Littelfuse	SM712-02	12A, 13.3V clamping, bidirectional TVS for RS-485
Bourns	V14450A	14mm MOV, 450VAC, 210J energy rating
STMicroelectronics	TV05C060	0.5W, 6V, ultra-small TVS for IoT devices

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Operating voltage vs. clamping voltage margin
Surge current requirements (8/20 s waveform standard)
Package size constraints (SMD vs. through-hole)
Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity)
Lifespan expectations (MOVs degrade with repeated surges)

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

Miniaturization: Sub-0201 TVS devices for mobile applications
Higher energy density: MOVs with >1000J/cm absorption
Integration: Combined ESD and surge protection solutions
Automotive focus: AEC-Q qualified devices for 48V systems
Green manufacturing: Lead-free and RoHS-compliant materials