TVS - Diodes

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
SMA6J58CA-TR STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 58V 100V SMA	45
SLVU2.8-4A1 STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 2.8V 15V 8SOIC	3702
SMC30J48A STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 48V 76.6V SMC	0
SMA4F31A STMicroelectronics	400 W TVS IN SMA FLAT	0
SMLVT3V3 STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 3.3V 10.3V SMB	1292
SMA6F6.0A STMicroelectronics	600W TVS	4510
SMA6T10CAY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 8.6V 18.6V SMA	0
SMA4F6.5A STMicroelectronics	400 W TVS IN SMA FLAT	9970
SM15T12A STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 10.2V 21.7V SMC	9934
SM15T12AY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 10.2V 21.7V SMC	90
ESDALC6V1P5 STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 3V SOT665	34335
SMA6J33A-TR STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 33V 60.8V SMA	11271
SMC30J33CA STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 33V 53.3V SMC	268
SM15T39CA STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 33.3V 69.7V SMC	7059
SMB15F20AY STMicroelectronics	AUTOMOTIVE 1500 W, 20 V TVS IN S	0
BZW50-22 STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 22V 51V R-6	202
SM4T6V7CAY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 5V 13.4V SMA	3435
SM30T18CAY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 15V 24.4V SMC	67
SM6T27AY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 23.1V 48.3V SMB	2495
SM6T7V5AY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 6.4V 14.5V SMB	74

TVS - Diodes

1. Overview

Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Diodes are semiconductor devices designed to protect sensitive electronics from voltage spikes caused by ESD (electrostatic discharge), lightning, or switching events. By clamping transient voltages to safe levels, TVS diodes ensure circuit reliability in modern electronic systems. Their fast response time (<1ps) and low clamping voltage make them critical components in high-speed data lines, power supplies, and automotive electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Unidirectional TVS	Single-polarity protection, asymmetrical voltage response	DC power lines, automotive systems
Bidirectional TVS	Symmetrical protection for AC signals	Telecom interfaces (e.g., RJ45), USB 3.0	Multichannel TVS	Multiple protection paths in single package	HDMI ports, DisplayPort interfaces	Automotive TVS	AEC-Q101 qualified, high surge capability	ECU modules, CAN bus protection

3. Structure and Composition

TVS diodes utilize a PN junction semiconductor structure with optimized doping profiles. Key components include:

Silicon epitaxial layer for precise voltage control
Passivation layer (SiO2/Nitride) to reduce leakage current
Backside metallization for low-inductance packaging
DO-214, SOD-123, or WCSP packaging variants

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Breakdown Voltage (Vbr)	Minimum voltage where TVS activates	Determines protection threshold
Clamping Voltage (Vc)	Max voltage during transient event	Must be below protected IC's max rating
Peak Pulse Current (Ipp)	Maximum surge current handling	Defines robustness against large transients
Response Time (tresp)	Time to switch from off to on state	Crucial for ESD protection (typically <1ps)
Leakage Current (Ir)	Off-state current at working voltage	Impacts power efficiency

5. Application Areas

Major industries and typical equipment:

Telecommunications: 5G base stations, optical transceivers
Automotive: CAN/LIN bus protection, ADAS sensors
Industrial: PLCs, motor drives
Consumer Electronics: USB Type-C interfaces, Wi-Fi modules
Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, wind turbine controllers

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Product Series	Key Features
Littelfuse	SP301x Series	USB 3.1 Gen2 protection, 0.35pF capacitance
ON Semiconductor	NUP41060	6-channel ESD protection, 30kV HBM
STMicroelectronics	ESDA8401	Automotive-grade, 150A surge rating
Infineon	ESD320	Single-line protection, 0.25pF for HDMI 2.1

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Operating voltage must be below Vbr (typically 1.1 Voper)
Clamping voltage should stay under protected IC's maximum ratings
Packaging selection based on board space and thermal requirements
Environmental factors: temperature range, humidity resistance
Compliance with standards (IEC 61000-4-2, ISO 10605)

Example: For a 12V automotive circuit, select a bidirectional TVS with Vbr=15V, Vc<30V, and Ipp>50A to handle load dump events.

8. Industry Trends

Key development directions:

Miniaturization: 0201 package (0.6 0.3mm) for mobile devices
Integration: Combo devices with filters and shielding
Higher robustness: 40kV+ ESD protection for industrial IoT
Advanced materials: Silicon carbide (SiC) for high-temperature applications
AI-driven selection tools for optimized component matching